Reflection on Humanities Essay

Art is very important in our lives. It constitutes one of the oldest form and most important means of expression developed by man. It is a language, which is charged with feelings and significance that has sprung up among men living together. For this, I am very glad to experience the beauty of arts, to meet arts within my body and soul. The teaching of the humanities is intended to make us students realize that the mere possession of knowledge is useless unless put to useful ends. Moreover, we would become aware that knowledge alone is meaningless unless it is accompanied by values, sentiments, priorities, insights, inter-relationships and other transcendent realities not subject to empirical proofs also form part of the person’s education. In the humanities, we, students are exposed to these, thus, the development of the whole person, which is the goal of humanities. The humanities are the stories, the ideas, and the words that help us make sense of our lives and our world. The humanities introduce us to people we have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that may have never crossed our minds. By showing how others have lived and thought about life, the humanities help us decide what is important in our own lives and what we can do to make them better. By connecting us with other people, they point the way to answers about what is right or wrong, or what is true to our heritage and our history. The humanities help us address the challenges we face together in our families, our communities, and as a nation. I am blessed to have met Mr. Apas. I knew and realized the glaring importance and beauty of what he always tell us regarding culture and art in our humanities class. But I pray the effort for each of us to grasp at what he was aiming, might at the very least bring us to a better understanding of arts and culture.

Midtermquestion obesity

Generally, much of the blame for obesity’s widespread existence in Western society is placed upon poor lifestyle. In the case of the former, the increasing pervasiveness of a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by long periods of inactivity (such as sitting in an office) with little to no exercise, in addition to a decreasing amount of leisure time being spent on physical activity, as opposed to video games and television viewing. (Bleich, et. al., 2007) In the case of the latter, over-eating remains a problem, despite advances in nutritional awareness. Additionally, the increasing reliance on fast-food meals, with their energy dense composition, have quadrupled the calorie intake of the average American over the period between 1977 and 1995.   (Lin, et. al., 1999) Genetics also play a part in the development of obesity. Excess calorie intake and how it translates into body mass is affected by various factors such as the genes which regulate metabolism, appetite and adipokine. Additionally, there are various genetic conditions that have been identified as symptomatized by obesity (e.g. Bardet-Biedl syndrome, leptin receptor mutations and MOMO syndrome). Farooqi & O’Rahilly (2006) have also noted that obesity has a hereditary component. Chakravarthy & Booth (2004) have also theorized that certain ethnicities may be more prone to obesity, as an evolutionary means of taking advantage of abundance in between long periods of food scarcity. As such, the genetic disposition towards obesity is an advantage in surviving famine, but a maladaptive trait in a society with food stability. Obesity may also be affected by medical illnesses such as Cushing’s syndrome, growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism. The treatment of some illnesses may also lead to fluctuations in weight, as a side effect of medication taken (e.g. antipsychotics, fertility meds). Quitting smoking has also been recognized as a cause of moderate weight gain, due to the resulting loss of appetite suppression. Also, some psychological disorders such as bulimia or binge disorders contribute direct risks of obesity. The mechanisms of neurobiology also contribute to the development of obesity. In addition to leptin (which regulates the intake and expenditure of energy) substances such as ghrelin (which regulates short-term appetite) are linked with the maintenance of obesity. (Flier, 2004). Other such substances include adiponectin which regulates glucose, cholecystokinin which stimulates the digestion of fat and protein, and PYY 3-36 which responds to food intake by reducing appetite. Finally, social determinants contribute to obesity by significantly affecting the habits formed that contribute to obesity. In a 2004 study, it was noted that there was an inverse correlation between wealth and obesity, suggesting that lower income individuals rely on cheaper fast food for nourishment. (Zagorsky, 2004). Also, a 2007 study followed more than 32,500 individuals over a span of 32 years and found that changes in body mass of friends, and siblings were reliable predictors of changes in subjects, regardless of geographical distance, suggesting that the acceptance of one’s body mass has an influence on changes in body size. (Christakis & Fowler, 2007) REFERENCES Bleich, S., Cutler, D., Murray, C. & Adams, A. (2007) Why Is The Developed World Obese?. Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 29. Retrieved May 5, 2008 from: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12954.pdf Lin, B.H., Guthrie, J. & Frazao E. (1999) â€Å"Nutrient contribution of food away from home†. In: Frazao, E. (Ed). America's Eating Habits: Changes and Consequences. Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 750, US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, pp. 213–239. Farooqi, S., O’Rahilly, S. (2006) Genetics of obesity in humans. Endocrine Review, Volume 27. Chakravarthy, M.V., Booth, F.W. (2004). Eating, exercise, and â€Å"thrifty† genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases. Journal of Applied Physiology, Volume 96. Flier, J.S. (2004). Obesity wars: molecular progress confronts an expanding epidemic. Cell, Volume 116, Issue 2, pp. 337-350. Zagorsky, J.L. (2004) Is Obesity as Dangerous to Your Wealth as to Your Health? Res Aging Volume 26, pp. 130-152. Christakis, N.A., Fowler, J.H. (2007) The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years.†      

Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 Essay

Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 - Essay Example This research will try to find out how the DHS was implemented, its strategies and objectives. In its establishment though, the department's mission were added with four more significant missions that are deemed necessary for further strengthening homeland security. The following are the four other primary mission of DHS enacted in 2002: ensure that the functions of entities transferred to the Department that are not related directly to securing the homeland are not diminished or neglected except by a specific explicit Act of Congress In reference to this definition and mission, and with its continuing battle for terrorism, the United States federal government enacted the Homeland Security Act (P.L. 107-296) which initiated a major reorganization and expansion of the federal government. It is rather recognized as the most monumental event that happened since 1947 with regards to foreign policies. (Inamete, p. 20) Along with its goal of creating an efficient and effective government structure that provides immediate response to the threats of terrorism, new government agencies were created and the old ones strengthened. Extreme efforts have been demanded from the government in order to create this new department. There were 22 federal agencies, meaning, 22 diverse organizational cultures were consolidated within 92 other already-existing federal departments to form the DHS. (Inamete, p. 20) In his Congressional Testimony in July 2002, then Gov. Tom Ridge stated that the creation of the Department of Homeland Security is the result of the most significant transformation of the US government in over a half-century. The creation of DHS would aid in developing a more focused federal agency that would provide efficient solutions to the threat on terrorism. (Ridge, para 5) Before the enactment of P.L. 107-296, homeland security responsibilities were distributed into various government agencies. There is no single department in the US government that addresses solely this major concern of the American society. Therefore, the development of DHS paved the way to a more unified and competent agency that prioritizes this most crucial problem in the society - homeland security. (Ridge, para 7) With DHS'

The 7 Unbreakable Rules of Digital Strategy Success Assignment

The 7 Unbreakable Rules of Digital Strategy Success - Assignment Example It is their responses through which the company responds to the market trends. This can be done so through the during the sales process or through formally dedicated surveys conducted to know about the impulse of customers as a whole. Since the customers make up for large part of company profile, company performance, revenues and returns, it is therefore important to start off with the audience identification. Dissection and specialization of services based on the kind of audience to which the services are directed makes up for the first basic principle of success in the entire process of market driven functions. Once the audience is identified accordingly and their areas of concern and interested are dealt with, it enables handling the remaining part of process and task completion easier and practically executable in this regard. Keeping up with the constant change in the demand of the customers also serves for the criteria fulfillment with regard to the customers’ needs

Chronic Disease Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chronic Disease Paper - Essay Example According to Andrew Prentice, professor of international nutrition at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, he finds developing countries facing a â€Å"double burden of disease†. Nutrition and life styles play a major role where chronic diseases are concerned. Cancer occurs or develops when the abnormal cells in ones body grow rapidly out of control. Normally, the cells in our body grow, divide and die in a systematic fashion. When the person is young, the cells grow rapidly until the person reaches adulthood after which the cells in the body mostly divide to repair any injury or to replace the dead or worn – out cells. In the case of Cancer, the cells are much different than normal cells. They keep on growing and dividing replacing the normal cells with abnormal ones. Cancer occurs because of the damage caused to the DNA which is present in every cell and conducts all our activities. Usually, when the DNA becomes damaged, the body is in a position to repair it. But in case the cells are cancerous, the DNA is not repaired. Damaged DNA can also be inherited and therefore can get cancer later on in life. Substances in the environment can damage the DNA, such as smoke from tobacco. Cancer cells often travel to different parts of the body where they take root and grow and multiply while replacing normal tissue. The process by which this takes place is called â€Å"Metastasis†. Most of the Cancers form tumors but in the case of leukemia no tumor is formed but instead these cells flow with the blood and circulate through the blood forming organs. Different types of cancer react differently to different types of treatment. All cancers are not life threatening. The tumors may be benign or non-cancerous and do not spread or metastasize to the various parts of the body. They multiply at a different pace and needs a

American Attitudes towards Homosexuals Research Paper

American Attitudes towards Homosexuals - Research Paper Example In the traditional sense, the discrimination against these individuals has mostly been based on gender bias and the majority perception of the existence of only two genders – that of the male and female sex. Despite this dominant gender perception, homosexuals have been persistent about their rights and about their place in society. The laws have also been firm on the application of the equal protection of rights and the due process of law, as far as these homosexuals are concerned. As a result, these homosexuals have taken on a more public presence and have become more visible to the general population. In a way, they have made their presence known in almost all aspects of American life. However, even as their public visibility has increased dramatically over the past several decades, prejudicial attitudes against them have remained persistent. This paper shall discuss American attitudes against homosexuals, discussing the minor claim that public visibility of homosexuals has increased. In detail, it shall discuss the ways in which homosexual visibility has increased, more particularly through the media and through the â€Å"Don’t ask, Don’t Tell† military policy. ... Most Americans have become embroiled heavily in the contrasting opinions on homosexuality with some of them favoring the rights of homosexuals to self-promotion and perpetuation, and the rest expressing their outrage for homosexuality based on religious and moral grounds. In general, studies evaluating attitudes against homosexuals yielded negative attitudes against these individuals (Besen and Zickling, p. 251). These results have been seen in studies carried out during the 1980s and 1990s, including large scale reviews and surveys during the 1990s (Besen and Zicklin, p. 251). In recent years however, the attitudes towards homosexuals have improved with many Americans considering a more liberal approach towards civil rights (Besen and Zicklin, p. 251). Many of them have been able to gain some form of social acceptance from the general populace; however, to some extent many of them have persistently encountered these social issues on acceptance from moralists. Various factors have be en considered in explaining these attitudes towards homosexuals. Individuals who have negative attitudes towards homosexuals are usually authoritarian and are very traditional in their views of sex roles and of minority groupings (Besen and Zicklin, p. 251). These attitudes have also been spurred on by health concerns, with the percentage of HIV/AIDS sufferers of a higher rate among gay men. Such health concerns have further fueled the homophobic tendencies against homosexuals. Inasmuch as these negative attitudes towards homosexuals have been unfavorable, legal mandates have established provisions in order to protect the practice of civil rights among these homosexuals. Along with the more liberal ideals which many Americans

Customized Learning Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Customized Learning Theory - Assignment Example The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of gifted children in the school environment. The study will also look at the various elements of learning theories that relate to this group of children and further combine these elements to develop a hybrid theory that caters to the needs of gifted children. Characteristics of Gifted Children Gifted children learn faster, broadly and deeply meaning their intellectual ability is higher compared to their peers. Intellectual ability is believed to be innate and is not acquired through personal effort. Further, intellectual ability can be specific or general. An intellectually gifted individual for example maybe strikingly gifted in mathematics but lack the same strong skills in humanities or language. A combination of an adequately challenging curriculum and the necessary diligence to master learned skills often leads to academic success for the intellectually gifted (Eakin, 2007). Although intellectually gifted children are uniq ue, they share some common characteristics within the academic environment. First, they have certain cognitive characteristics including, faster learning of materials, curiosity, widely diverse interest, reasoning ability, creativity, an excellent memory and a large pool of vocabulary. In addition, intellectually gifted students are perfectionists and often fear failure. Their intellectual capability makes them feel different and their superior vocabulary makes it hard to communicate with their peers hence they will have trouble forming social relations with their classmates. Further, gifted children are highly introspective and introverted and hold very high expectations for themselves and for others. Gifted children are also highly sensitive to their environment in terms of emotional and mental over-awareness (Eakin, 2007). The learning environment for gifted children is important as with other special needs students. Gifted students should be provided with opportunities to attemp t new learning and develop their strengths in a psychologically safe environment. A modified learning environment provides gifted students with the opportunity for development and optimum growth. The social environment should also be supportive making sure that no one feels out of place and the students can establish trust with the teacher without the fear of being sanctioned. Moreover, gifted students should be provided with an opportunity to function at advanced levels of depth and complexity and their interests tied in with schoolwork. Gifted students tend to decline in performance if not challenged with abstract concepts, or presented with opportunities to go beyond what is offered in the regular classrooms. Gifted students that are rarely challenged lack confidence in their ability to perform well when presented with challenging learning tasks (Eakin, 2007). Learning Theories and Gifted Students Theories dealing with gifted children focus on the ability to adapt successfully to the environment and the ability to solve problems related to particular situations. Under the cognitive trait theories, Galton emphasizes two inherited traits whose abundance makes one intellectually gifted. The first trait is sufficient energy, which increases the capacity for labor. The second trait is sensitivity making the intellectually gi

Social Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Social Entrepreneurship - Essay Example ng an increasing trend these social enterprises are not practicing on ethical grounds and are needed to consider ethical principles while executing their decisions. People’s confidence in the integrity and honesty of these social enterprises is decreasing day by day and lack trust these enterprises consider social benefits while conducting business activities. As proposed by Rhode & Packel (2009), numerous factors impact the ethical decision making within all sorts of organizations and in order to solve the problem of rising misconduct, an in depth analysis of such factors is needed. The proposed factors include moral awareness, moral decision-making, moral intent and moral action. And individuals vary on these grounds causing cognitive biases that lead to the development of unethical behaviour. Being a part of business enterprise, the organizational culture and structure also helps in manipulating individuals’ acts and decisiveness on moral grounds. The authors also pr ovided the main areas where ethical considerations may arise in a non-profit organization such as social enterprise. These include conflicts of interests, compensations, publication & solicitation, investment policies, financial integrity, strategic management and accountability. Thus in order to encourage ethical decision making, certain guidelines provided may be followed such as ensuring effective and efficient codes of conduct as well as compliance programs, encouraging effective management of financial affairs and incorporating an ethical culture that inhibits immoral conducts. But all these measures would be ineffective if the ethical reasoning does not descend from the people occupying leading positions. The importance of ethics can’t be neglected in any sort of organization or personal decision making but its significance in non profit sector can’t be neglected as it forms the basis of societal gain and its violation may result in hurting not only the economy but also the social

Assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Assignment 5 - Essay Example From the studies some teachers in the district schools felt the need to reconsider some of the stages and thus this was looked at by the curriculum committee (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). With regards to the studies the goals of designing a curriculum for a school are many. School experience is expected to be able to foster socially and healthy responsible behaviours among all students as they gear up to become adults. A school system is required to prepare the students for future work, how to be good citizens and also how to cope up with their daily lives. This clearly shows that designing and developing a curriculum in school is a significance aspect in a students learning experience. Therefore, there is a lot that is expected from a curriculum. From the study, schools are supposed to have some considerations like medical, safety, economic, custodial that should be related to a curriculum (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). Based on the study one of the major constraint that leads to lack of attainment of the curriculum goals is the factor of having less time in designing a curriculum. Lack of sufficient time for designing and instructing of a curriculum is very crucial for district schools and any other learning institution. Based on the present situation regarding education, curriculum has been known to serve more goals with only a few having to be eliminated. Acknowledgement of this issue leads to a lot of conflict based on some of the goals. It is clearly seen that some goals in a curriculum ought to be given up if others need to be met. A danger always arises when the members of a committee have to come up with delineation of some of the goals. With regards to the study a conflict came up among the teachers when the curriculum committee had to delineate some of the goals(Wiles & Bondi, 2004). The main structural feature that should be maintained in designing a

People's Mujahidin Organization of Iran v. United States Department of Essay

People's Mujahidin Organization of Iran v. United States Department of State - Essay Example The organization was known to conduct various terrorist activities during the regime of Khomeini as well as the Shah, which made the unpopularity of MeK inevitable. However, the organization claims to have ceased all of its terrorist activities since 2001 and has been aiming to improve its international ever since. This brings us to February 11th 2009, when the MeK filed a petition in the U.S court of Appeals to challenge its designation into FTO (Foreign Terrorist Organization) by the U.S. Department of State. The MeK claims that it has halted all of its terrorist activities since 2001, with valid proof, and the decision of the Department of State to keep the organization listed in the FTO in 2008 and 2003 is unfair. This created a point of confrontation between the two organizations. One needs to take for account both sides of the cases in order to understand the condition properly (Alexander, 2003). In 1996 according to the AEDPA, the Department of State to create a list of global terrorist organizations called the FTO. It was done to cease their working inside the United States. The FTO was to be reviewed by the Department of State once every two years and later every five years to keep the list updated. MeK has been a part of the list since 2003 and has filed a petition to the department of state in 2008 to delist the organization from the list. The MeK has also provided various evidences for this petition to become a reality. The MeK has presented the following changes in its activities and prospects: Ceased every ongoing military campaign in the territory of Iran since 2001. Has shared valuable intelligence information with the U.S. government regarding Iran’s nuclear program and alleged terrorist activities. Has surrendered all of its arms and military equipment to the U.S. military forces of Iraq and cooperated with the U.S. military forces at Camp Ashraf in Iraq. Has obtained a delisting from terrorist organizations from various countries, such as the United Kingdom and the European Union. Has rejected violence and terrorist activities on record in 2004. Even after these substantial evidences, the U.S. Department State ruled out the petition of MeK and maintained its listing in the FTO as a terrorist organization. A listing in the FTO means that all assets an organization has in the United States will be overtaken by the government and the organization will not be allowed to hold any activity, even peaceful, inside the U.S. territory. For the U.S. Department of State to justify its decision, they released a 20-page document to support their decision. In such documents, the Department was expected to give a detailed description of each of every difference stated by the MeK. This wasn’t the case here (McCormack and McDonald, 2006). The document, when analyzed by various analysts was found to be filled with one-sided reviews of past activities, dating back in the 1980’s and the 1990’s by the MeK. The dep artment did not give any pro and cons of the activities mentioned by the MeK in their petition to the department and were all pointing towards the activities conducted by the organization way before 2001, after which the organization claims to have changed. Some descriptions given in the document was even contradictory to the activities of the MeK such as, â€Å"On October 12, 2006, I received information that questioned activities were going on at the University compound, [C]amp

Journalism and Andrew Sullivan Essay Example for Free

Journalism and Andrew Sullivan Essay Many people believe that in today’s society, a vast majority of the population is being consumed by technology. Andrew Sullivan, author of â€Å"Ipod World: The End of Society†, states that people of today are isolating themselves from the surrounding world, witting out socialization and ultimately dancing to their own beat. In his essay, Andrew Sullivan discusses both the positive and the negative aspects of owning an Ipod in today’s society. Andrew Sullivan was brought in to this world in South Godstone, Surrey, England in 1963. He attended different colleges obtaining his B.A, Master’s, and Ph.D. in history and Government. Andrew started a wonderful career as a Journalist writing for New Republic. Later on he was accepted to write for New York Times Magazine. A gay, Catholic, conservative, and often controversial commentator, Sullivan made history as a blogger. After roughly 5 years he decided to take a break from journalism. Sullivan started writing several books from 1995 to 2006. There are some positive facts about the Ipod. First, the device can hold plenty of music and videos. The Ipod can come in a variety of sizes, colors, and megabytes. The little device can be placed anywhere you can imagine because it’s small and slim. There are about 22 million people who now own the Ipod. Places you might find the Ipod in use vary from major airports, subways, sports games and jogging or walking down the street. Besides the positive outcomes there are some negative aspects. IPod’s can zone you out from the world causing you to be antisocial and distracted. Sometimes the device takes your attention away from what you’re doing and can cause injury to yourself or others. Lastly, boredom takes a huge toll on Ipod users. Once bored, it is easy to insert the earphones and entertainment is tap away. In conclusion, Andrew Sullivan’s Ipod World story helps you give thought to how technology is impacting our lives. Sullivan shares with you some facts around the use of the Ipod and the potential for isolation from society. Lastly, he reinforces the need to adapt the way we leverage technology and still retain the critical communication behaviors that support our society.

To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is intimacy Essay Example for Free

To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is intimacy Essay Blake and Wordsworth were both Romantic poets yet their views of London are opposed to each other. What are these conflicting visions of the same city and how do they differ from one another? To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is intimacy, spirituality, colour, aspiration towards the infinite, expressed by every means available to the arts. Charles Baudelaire Romantic poets were preoccupied with the idea of the pastoral idyll; a rural landscape where man was spiritually and physically at one with nature. These Pastoral fantasies typically invoked Pagan deities and ideology. Romanticism, according to Baudelaire is colourful and lively. Blake and Wordsworth are both Romantic poets yet their views of London, as portrayed in their poems; Westminster and London, are very different. Wordsworths poem Westminster has a joyful, exultant tone towards London and the diction could be considered colourful and spiritual. However, Blakes poem London has a pessimistic tone, more typical of a Romantic poet. Blakes London shares a view which is expected from a Romantic as the Romantics did not want industrialisation of Great Britain to occur. The negative effects of the Industrial Revolution were especially prominent in London, so this miserable, urban landscape is anathematic to Blake. Romantics wanted the countryside to remain untouched and bucolic. The gloomy diction in London shows this funereal tone. Cry of fear, marks of weakness, marks of woe, hapless Soldiers sigh and blights with plagues the Marriage hearse are all examples of the diction used to build a sense of vulnerability and repulsiveness in London. The perspective that Blake uses also shows that he is projecting his own Romantic feelings onto London. He uses the first person, I repeatedly throughout the poem and also opens with it. For example, I wander, I meet and I hear. This illustrates that his view of London is subjective. The poem is also written in the present tense and this gives the sense of living the experience with the narrator. Thus the poem seems more immediate and intimate. The imagery used in Blakes poem is also depressing and there are many examples of aural, tactile and visual imagery. The marks in every face he meets are examples of visual imagery. He uses words such as marks and every repeatedly and this stresses the ubiquity of misery and moral decrepitude in the city. Examples of the aural imagery that Blake uses are cry of every man, cry of fear and the mind-forgd manacles I hear. These aural images convey the negative effects and emotions that can be found within the people of London. The tactile image of the mind-forgd manacles is also particularly interesting as it is an example of figurative language rather than literal. It is a metaphor for the restrictions or constraints that are placed on people, either by societys expectations and demands or perhaps by themselves. It appears that Blake suggests that people in London are manacled by their own moral weakness. During the Victorian period, men who paid prostitutes were disgraced, not only for the moral reasons of committing a sin, but for the fact that they may have contracted a venereal disease such as gonorrhoea or syphilis. The marks which Blake relates to, such as the marks of woe may be moral weaknesses that men would have been ashamed to be associated with, for example when paying a prostitute for sexual pleasure. However, these marks may also have been literal scars from diseases they had caught. In the last stanza, Blake uses the word midnight. This has dark connotations to it and gives the sense of an evil atmosphere. Blake also adds to this wicked atmosphere in the lines, How the youthful Harlots curse/Blasts the new-born Infants tear as he uses diction such as Harlot, curse and Infants tear. These lines also inform the reader about the harlot and her baby. The curse which Blake relates to could be infecting of the harlots baby with gonorrhoea. This is shown as her baby has a tear in her eye and probably has a problem with it, a symptom of gonorrhoea. In the last line, Blake writes And blights with plagues the marriage hearse. This line suggests that the city is married to death as it uses the oxymoron marriage hearse. This is a conflation of two opposed ideas since a hearse is associated with a funeral because it carries a coffin. Blake may be implying that the city is married to death, or is doomed since the majority of infants in the city are possibly associated with venereal disease. This is shown as he uses the word most when discussing the most common thing that he sees in the streets of London. However, these lines could be considered ambiguous since Blake may be telling us of what he hears in the streets, for example, a Harlot cursing, or swearing at her baby when it cries. London is divided into four stanzas of four lines each and has an alternate rhyme scheme. The rhythm is rather constrained and this gives the impression that the poet is narrating the story as he wanders thro' London, this further emphasises the intimacy. In each stanza there is one main idea which develops the overall motion that London is a corrupt, morally decrepit city. In the first stanza, the idea of London being a charterd city is explored. Blake says that the streets and the River Thames in London are charterd. It could be interpreted that he believes the city has been hired and brought up by commerce and through money. In the second stanza, Blake attempts to show the unhappiness in the city and the depressing effect it has on people by using the word cry repeatedly whilst in the third stanza he writes about how the institutions are corrupted such as the palace. This is shown in the lines The hapless soldiers sigh/Runs in blood down Palace walls. One possible interpretation of the word palace is that it is a metonymy for the government. Blake may be stating that the hapless soldiers have been sent to die while trying to gain power for the British Empire. These lines are also a powerful fusion of light and sound and contain examples of both aural and visual imagery, for example hapless soldiers sigh and runs in blood down palace walls. In the third stanza, Blake implies that the church is becoming corrupted or is blackning, either literally by the pollution that the city is creating or figuratively as it stands by and watches the innocent youths being exploited, such as the chimney sweepers, and the abuse of soldiers. However, the line Every blackning church appals could be considered ambiguous, since the phrase Church appals suggests that it is disgusted by the corrupted institutions, such as the Palace but does not have the power to take much action against them or simply does not want to irritate the palace. Therefore, Blake most likely wants the palace to hear his concerns that he is voicing, which he believes many other people in London share. This idea is reinforced by the fact that in this stanza, if the first letter of every word, on every line is taken, the word HEAR can be made, this also highlights the aural imagery used in this stanza. The word appals may also echo the largest symbol of religious power in London, St Pauls Cathedral and this suggests that Blake is questioning why the church has not spoken out against the government. Unlike the third, the fourth stanza is focused on the future of London. This is because the infant described has a future and eventually the infants in London will become adults who will have to take part in the daily running of the city. However, unlike Blake and other Romantics, Wordsworths Westminster has a surprisingly optimistic tone for a poem written by Romantic. This joyful tone is shown in the diction and imagery he uses. Such as, beauty of the morning, sun more beautifully and calm so deep are all examples of the lauding diction that Wordsworth uses. His exultant view towards the city is also shown in the form in which his poem is constructed. The rhythm is an iambic pentameter and the first eight lines have a rhyme scheme which is ABBAABBA, an octet, then the last six lines have a different rhyme scheme which is CDCDDC, a sestet. This octet and sestet suggests his powerful feelings towards London as it is a sonnet, and sonnets are usually associated with love and desire. In the octet, Wordsworth tells us in detail what he sees and introduces his idea of London being so touching. However, in the sestet; he develops this idea and attempts to unify Londons landscape with the beauty of the natural world, Wordsw orth also informs the reader about what he feels, rather than what he sees. The images that Wordsworth uses also show the rhapsodic tone of the poem as shown in the line a sight so touching in its majesty. The poet uses the word touching in order to convey the uncomplicated strength of his perception, touch being the most direct of the senses. In the opening three lines Wordsworth challenges any doubters that do not believe London looked so perfect at this time. This is shown in the argumentative punctuation he uses and he writes that: Earth has not anything to show more fair:/Dull would he be of soul who could pass by/A sight so touching in its majesty. In these lines, Wordsworth is praising the city and claiming that there is nothing more fair on earth than London on this particular day. He also criticises any soul or person who could ignore a sight so great in majesty and beauty. The fact that Wordsworth opens with these powerful lines of adoration sets the atmosphere in the poem and also shows the reader how beautiful the city looked. He uses the words majesty and soul since these have religious connotations connected with them. The word majesty could be associated with the King or Queen; who was traditionally appointed by God, this makes the city seem almost royal or God-like. This diction and the tone of the poem, along with the examples of personification he uses, make it seem that Wordsworth is almost having an epiphany due to the spiritual intensity of the diction he uses. The words by and majesty are also particularly interesting as although there is not a strict aural rhyme, there is a sight rhyme which means that the rhyme scheme is not disrupted. Unlike Blake in London, Wordsworth uses personification to eulogize the city, this can be seen when he says that This city now doth, like a garment, wear/The beauty of the morning; silent, bare. As Wordsworth uses the simile like a garment, this personifies the city. Wordsworth says that the city wears the beauty of the morning, it could be interpreted that the city and the morning contrast so perfectly that they seem to be one with each other, but may also just be an example of Wordsworth attempting to reunite the urban area with nature. There is a similar example of this when Wordsworth is seeking to reconcile the urban sprawl with the bucolic scenes that a Romantic values above all else. This is why the city is described in natural terms and why Wordsworth sees the city merging seamlessly with the countryside beyond: Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie/Open unto the fields and to the sky. Wordsworth also lists the ships, towers domes (and) theatres and this gives the impression of him looking across a horizon. The word lie also gives the sense that the ships, towers domes (and) theatres rest grandly, but gently on the horizon as though they are blanketed in their own majesty. Unlike Blake, this is an example of Wordsworth studying and appreciating the city and its physical features, rather than the people who live in it. Wordsworth has an objective view of the city as he is literally elevated on a bridge, while Blake has a more detailed perspective which does not allow him to realize the true beauty of the of London, since he is walking through the streets. Blake seems to be immersed in this anathematic landscape, the emotional problems of the people in the city and the government who live there. Another image that Blake uses acts on our sense of smell. He describes the air as being smokeless and this destroys the idea of London being a polluted city covered by smog, which was caused by the many factories. It is surprising for a Romantic to write this as the Romantics were a reaction to the industrial revolution and one would expect that a Romantic would not speak highly of an industrialised city, such as London. However, this leads the reader to believe the poem was written in the early morning, when the sun was rising since the very houses (seemed) asleep and the factories had not yet opened. Wordsworth also uses other examples of personification and one of these is shown when he says Never did sun more beautifully steep/In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill. The poet personifies the sun by relating to it with the word his. The personification that Wordsworth uses is an example of figurative, not literal language. Wordsworth also leads the reader to believe that he has never seen such a perfect sunrise and that it is equal to or more than a sunrise in a rural landscape. Another example of Wordsworth personifying something in nature by referring to it as his is when he tells the reader that The River glideth at his own sweet will. This not only personifies the river but it deifies it adding evidence to the poets pagan sensibility. This is because many Romanticists were connected with paganism as they believed in the worship of natural Gods, for example the Gods of Sun and Water. This line also makes the river seem as though it flows freely, peacefully and without being forced, Wordsworth further emphasises this serene atmosphere when he says neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! This gives the impression that the city is a peaceful place. Wordsworth also uses other techniques to praise London apart from personification. On the last line, the poet uses a metaphor to describe London. He says And all that mighty heart is lying still! The mighty heart is a metonymy for London and he describes the city as being still, this further leads the reader to believe that this is set in the early morning when even the very houses seem asleep. This adds further evidence that London was calm and tranquil at this particular moment. Although it seems unusual for a Romantic to write such an optimistic poem about London, the specific time, date and place: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 is a message to the reader that the poet remains a Romantic yet could not help but succumb to this particularly powerful vision of beauty. By creating such a precise title, Wordsworth attempts to explain that any Romantic would have felt the same way and therefore, it is not meant to be unexpected; he attempts to explain that this experience was an anomaly. Although it seems that Blake only saw a certain, lower class part of London where soliciting and disease thrived alongside especially harsh working conditions for children, Blakes poem, London is typical of a Romantic poet who was opposed to the Industrial Revolution and therefore, this justifies the reason for him writing such a negative poem, since the Romantics were preoccupied with the idea of a bucolic landscape.

Ancient Civilizations in China: History and Culture

Ancient Civilizations in China: History and Culture Ancient China is Located in Asia. It has the oldest surviving civilization in the world. Most people talk about other civilizations, such as; Egypt, or Rome. Ancient China has a very interesting history. In Ancient China, they had a total of 11 dynasties. No one is sure of when exactly it began, but roughly from 4000-5000 years. The aspects this essay will focus on are education, social classes, and art and architecture. Agriculture in China was is part of social classes, everyone- except the royal families- has jobs to do, and most people are farmers and silk makers, or have any other hard working job. In ancient China, there is lots of different architecture, and they are all based on their history and their rulers. In China the roofs of most buildings, were curved. It was not just because of structural use, but it had a symbolic significance. And by being tiled, it shows as a sign of wealth. And the reason they are curved is because they protected the inhabitants from evil spirits, which were believed to travel in straight lines. In China a buildings roof was normally put up before the walls. It was supported on purlins (horizontal beams) and crossbeams resting on columns rather than on triangular roof tresses. The walls which were made of wooden panels or brick were filled in later and were not load-bearing to any large extent. This system gave Chinese architects freedom to think about different silhouettes for their buildings. Another thing that is created in China, is silk. Silk is made from silk worms. You must unravel, spin and weave their cocoons. You must first take the cocoon of the silk worms, and then connect it to the machine that pulls the silk of the cocoon by a thread. Then once the silk is all off the cocoon (its still wet), they take all the wool together and put it on a curved metal rod, which stretches the wool, also they leave it to dry there. Then they have some people hold all sides of it and stretch it out till it is roughly the size of a single bed. And then they cover it. The more advanced the cocoon is, the thicker the silk is. This could be the job of many farmers. I think ancient Chinas art and architecture is always something to do with their beliefs or rulers. Social classes were very important in ancient China, The Chinese believed that strict social groups and people should behave according to their social position.  This belief that strict social groups and people should behave according to their social position, was proven by Confucius, a Chinese philosopher. Under the emperor, there were four social classes in China. The four classes were nobles officials, peasants, artisans and merchants.   The emperor and his family were the top class in China. Emperors believed that they were chosen by heaven and therefore didnt need to obey humans. An emperor expected his subjects to be loyal and obedient. The noble class in ancient China was very privileged. Nobles were usually the extended family of the emperor and empress and those people that excelled in their fields, mostly in the military. The status of nobles, however, changed often depending on who gained or fell out of favor with the emperor. When a new emperor came to power, it was common for him to favor a new set of nobles. They often became land owners so they could collect taxes from the people who lived on their land, which made them richer. If the nobles gave some of their income to the emperor, they would receive privileges and were afforded some protection in return. If nobles committed a crime that would result in them being sentenced to death, the emperor could grant them a special favor that would allow them to commit suicide, which they considered a much more honorable death. Officials were another group that had high social status in ancient China. Boys whose families could afford to send them to school began their education at an early age to become officials and were prepared to pass a difficult exam. If they didnt pass, they were usually still able to find jobs since they were considered well educated. Officials were arranged in ranks. The two most senior officials acted as advisers to the emperor. Most officials lived very comfortably and were well-respected because of their position and education. Peasants Even though peasant farmers in ancient China were one of the lowest social classes, they were still considered important because they produced the food for the rest of the society. Most peasants were very poor and led simple lives. They worked very hard and hardly ever had a day off. Peasant men worked in the fields and had to tolerate harsh conditions. They worked through the burning heat of summer and the extreme cold of winter. The harsh conditions could also spoil their crops and land, which has consumed most of their time. If the crops were spoilt, poor families had very little to survive on during the winter. If women wove and sewed cloth, they could help provide clothes for their families and they could sell any excess items to earn more money. Even the poorest peasants had to pay taxes, even if their crops were not successful. This left many families, during the winter months, with little to eat.   Artisans were part of the normal class and included painters, carpenters, potters and jewelry makers. Artisans made more than farmers but less than the merchants. They didnt have a good social status but they were respected for their skills. Metalworkers became very important during the Han period. Metalworkers produced weapons and many useful everyday objects, like cooking pots. Weavers worked with silk, which was very valuable. The merchant class included traders, animal breeders and money loaners. Merchants were thought of as the lowest social class in ancient China. Even though they have a low social status, some merchants became very rich and lived in luxury. .During the Han dynasty, some merchants became so rich that they might have been a threat to the emperor and the nobles. The richest merchants attained their wealth by investing money in land and properties. Several merchants, though, were not as wealthy. In order to limit their wealth, merchants had certain restrictions placed on them. Such restrictions included paying heavy taxes and being sent away to join the army. Slaves had existed in ancient China, but they made a very small percentage of the population. Some slaves were relatives of criminals while other sold themselves or their children as slaves if they were very poor. Ancient China appears to be very serious about social classes. In fact, I think everybodys lives ruled around their class. Most of the children in ancient China never got a chance to go to school at all. They had to work hard in the fields, feeding the  animals, weeding the vegetables, planting  rice, or taking care of their  little brothers or sisters. But if you were a boy, and your father could have spared you from the fields, he would send you to school. Beginning in the  Han Dynasty, many schools used to be free, and the emperor paid for their fees. If there were no schools in your village, you might have had to go live with relatives or with strangers in another bigger town. Boys would normally start school when they were six years old. Primary schools were very small, and only had one teacher for the whole school. There was one chair for the teacher, but all the boys had to sit on stools. You were supposed to go to school every day, without weekends, from 6:00 in the morning until about 4:00 in the afternoon. They didnt have math lessons, or science. You learned how to  read and write, a nd then you memorized many pages of  Confucian philosophy  and learned how to write essays and poetry, and how to  paint pictures. Then, you stayed at this school until you were sixteen or seventeen, which is when you are ready for the first examinations. Education in China was quite important, since it was what their futures depended on. If they were not educated, they would most likely work at farms, or work for others in a low social state (if they were not rich). When they are educated, it gave the people a chance at having a better life. Maybe they would be assisting the royal families, and not as a slave. They could be advisors, or maybe even teachers. I think they needed education quite a lot, in order to be anything big in life. I think ancient China is very interesting and complicated. I think the past was quite hard as it seems most people, if they are not rich or dont have any royal relations, dont get any special treatment, in fact, they barely get and good treatment at all. They had seemed to have lead interesting lives and have various beliefs. Their civilization lasted for a very long time, and they have a very developed society ever since it had started. Bibliography Allan, Tony.  Ancient China. New York: Chelsea House, 2007. Print. Allison, Amy.  Life in Ancient China. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2001. Print. Ancient China Social Classes.  Translation Services | Interpreters | Intercultural Communication | Cross Cultural Training. Web. 17 May 2010. . Chinese Roofs.  Oracle ThinkQuest Library. Web. 4 May 2010. . Eyewitness Travel Guide China.  Dk Pub, 2010. Print. History of Education in China.  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 16 May 2010. . History of Silk.  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . Http://homepage.mac.com/zichi/.Pictures/blogger2/silk-worms.jpg Http://seaholmeps.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/chinese-architecture.jpg Http://www.cntravel.biz/China/ancient-China/confucius.gif Http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/terracota-army.jpg http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-14_u-173_t-471_c-1707/social-hierarchy/nsw/history/ancient-societiesChina/ancient-China:-part-i Shang Chou (Zhou) Dynasties Ancient China for Kids.  Ancient China for Kids Main Index. Web. 2 May 2010. . Ten Laments Technology and Education in Ancient China.  Logoi.com An Educational Site about Cultures, Languages and History. Web. 17 May 2010. .

Young Americans Must Vote! Essay -- Politics Political Argumentative

Young Americans Must Vote! Why vote? This is a major question among many young Americans today. America's youth, does not take the time to read articles, observe the news, or pay attention to presidential debates and campaigns due to their busy schedules. This creates two problems. First, young voters have little knowledge of current issues in the election. Also as a result, they are unaware of the importance of voting. Each presidential election stirs up an old controversy of whether to vote or not to vote. There are many young people who think that voting is not important; I believe that it is. By voting you are exercising your right as an American to voice your opinion, and young Americans need to become aware of this. One of the many young adults that is against voting in this year’s presidential election is Robert Klassen. Robert Klassen in a member of the League of Non-Voters, which is an organization that â€Å"is the focal point for the idea that political government doesn’t work and, contrary to conventional wisdom, democracy may be the worst form of it of all" (http://www.non-voters.org/). In his essay titled â€Å"Don’t Vote!,† Klassen makes arguments of why people should not vote in this year’s election. Klassen feels as if our government is criminal, the majority rule is unfair, the president is a tyrant, and we do not have freedom. This however is a tragedy, since democracy and our freedom to vote is part of what defines our country. Although I do not agree with Klassen on many of his claims I do agree with him when he states, â€Å"Americans have always been busy people preoccupied with their own lives and they pay remarkably little attention to what our full-time political government is really doing.† Thi... ... position of senator by one vote. Also in the 1960 presidential election, one additional voter per precinct in Illinois, Missouri, New Jersey and Texas would have elected Richard M. Nixon instead of John F. Kennedy as president (http://www.insuredemocracy.com/vote.htm). When you register to vote, the government collects these statistics on what age groups are registered to vote. If they see that a large majority of potential votes come from young people, then politicians are more inclined to focus on what is important to young people. All you need to do is take a little time to educate yourself about the election. For more information on voting and registering to vote, go to www.rockthevote.com or www.declareyourself.com. As young Americans we need to come together and have a say in what happens to the future of our country. Get educated, get involved, and VOTE !!!

Daisy in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay -- Great Gatsby Fitzgera

Daisy in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Throughout the novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the character of Daisy Buchanan undergoes many noticeable changes. Daisy is a symbol of wealth and of promises broken. She is a character we grow to feel sorry for but probably should not. Born Daisy Fay in Louisville, Kentucky, Daisy was always the princess in the tower, the golden girl that every man dreamed of possessing. ?She dressed in white, and had a little white roadster, and all the day long the telephone rang in her house and excited young officers from Camp Taylor demanded the privilege of monopolizing her that night,? (79). Daisy is beautiful, rich, and appears very innocent as a young woman, although it is later suggested that she was quite promiscuous. While she was the object of every man?s desire, Daisy was madly in love with Jay Gatsby. Daisy tried to escape to New York to see Gatsby off to war but was prevented by her parents because Jay did not meet their standards. They disapproved of him because he did not have as much money or come from a family in the same social class as their own. Though Daisy wrote letters to Gatsby and promised to remain faithful she married Tom Buchanan from Chicago the very next year. Tom was incredibly wealthy and ?the day before the wedding he gave her a string of pearls valued at three hundred and fifty thousand dollars,? (80). Daisy seemed to be madly in love with her new husband and looked to be very happy. Daisy has been married to Tom for quite a considerable amount of time and they have already had a daughter by the time Daisy?s cousin, Nick, reappears in Daisy?s life. Mrs. Buchanan is extremely friendly with her cousin and always seems glad to see h... ...nted everyone to feel sorry for Daisy. However, one finds it hard to feel sorry for someone as well off as herself. She is a symbol of money and the corruption it brings. One must be careful not to identify Daisy with the green light at the end of her dock. The green light is the promise, the dream. Daisy herself is much less than that. Even Gatsby must realize that having Daisy in the flesh is much, much less than what he imagined it would be when he fell in love with the idea of her. While Daisy Buchanan undergoes numerous changes throughout the novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, she remains a symbol of wealth, broken promises, and dreams corrupted. While one finds it easy to feel sorry for her, she is in no means the victim of the novel. Work Cited F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992

Family vs. Society Essay -- Racism Racial Equality Essays

Family vs. Society As children, our parents instill in us beliefs that we carry with us throughout our lives. Many beliefs we are taught have been passed on through generations. One such belief is racism. Racism was widespread in the past, but is strongly discouraged in today's society. Perhaps it is our families, or perhaps it is society that teaches us racism. If we were to look at our families and the mixtures of cultures in our towns, maybe then we would get some sort of understanding as to why racism is so prevalent even today in the year two thousand. Many times it is through our parents and grandparents that racism is passed down to us. Perhaps they don't intend to teach us, but it is through subtle ways that we are taught this. Throughout history, many of us have been taught to look down upon those whom are different than ourselves. I personally wasn't raised this way, but my grandparents were. Many comments they have made throughout the years have often made me feel uncomfortable. I hate to say it, but I am often embarrassed by my own grandparent's ignorance. I've often wondered why they were raised like that. Only after reading Randall Bass's "Fear and Difference," could I get some sort of understanding. He states, "People are considered 'others' when they are perceived to be in competition with or threatening the very core of a culture's sense of self-identity" (210). This sentence made me realize that people feel threatened when another culture with different beliefs mixes with their own. It was then that I become conscious of the fact that my great-grandparents might have felt threatened by the actions of another person or ethnic group, therefore denouncing and condemning them in front of their own children. .. ...s diversity, yet in this day and age there is still widespread racism. "Why," is the question we need to ask ourselves? Why, if we are raised to believe that all of us are different and all of us are special, is there still the fight between races occurring? The answer to these questions might very well be answered if we look very close to home. The only way to solve this dilemma is to teach our children to look past color, creed, gender, age and religion with hope for a better and stronger society in the future. Works Cited Takaki, Ronald. "A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America." 1993. Border Texts: Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1999. 589-596. Bass, Randall. "Fear and Difference." Border Texts. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1999. 205-210. Cose, Ellis. "What's White, Anyway?" Newsweek 11 September 2000. 13 pars. 15 September 2000. .

How Permanent Are Permanet Markers

For my science fair project, I figured out what solvent would work best to erase permanent marker. The solvents I tested were: lemon juice, vinegar, water, and rubbing alcohol. I tried each of these solvents on a permanent marker line on plastic, paper, fabric, and wood. In this research paper, I will be talking about what a permanent marker is, how they are made, why they work so well, what rubbing alcohol is and its common uses, what vinegar is and its common uses, what water is and why water is so essential, and what exactly lemon juice is.I will also be talking about how plastic is made, how fabric is made, how wood is made, and how paper is made. A permanent marker is a type of writing utensil that is used to create permanent lines on almost any surface. The ink of a permanent marker is water resistant, contains propanol, butanol, diacetone alcohol, and different dye colorings, and can vary between all colors from black to yellow. The process of creating a Sharpie permanent mark er is not very long or complicated. First, the barrel of the marker is molded out of a plastic resin.Screen printing is added to the barrel, including information such as the description of the color of the ink and the Sharpie logo. A filament made out of cotton material is used to hold in the ink as it is inserted into the barrel. A needle is used to inject the permanent ink from the opposite end of the barrel. Then the writing tip is applied. The cap is placed on the Sharpie marker and the permanent ink is slowly absorbed into the tip of the marker. The Sharpie is the most popular permanent marker company worldwide.The brand â€Å"Sharpie† was founded in 1857 and sold ink and glue. Any permanent marker’s ink must contain three ingredients to work. These ingredients are colorant, carrier, and resin. The colorant is what gives the ink its color. Colorants in permanent markers are often pigments, instead of dyes, because pigments fade less easily and do not bleed throug h paper. Dyes are soluble in water, whereas pigments are not. Dyes cannot withstand light as long as pigments can, although dyes are generally available in a wider spectrum of colors.Carriers are what transmit the dye to the paper. They must be able to evaporate quickly once the ink is used. Carriers used to be made up of chemicals such as xylene and toluene, but were vastly replaced by alcohol-based markers in the 1990s. The resin is what causes the ink to stick to a surface. It must have a â€Å"sticky† quality. The resin forms a film over the pigment once the carrier evaporates. The reason that permanent marker works is because permanent ink soaks into a surface, whereas regular erasable ink does not soak into surfaces, but binds to surfaces.Permanent ink is made with resins and dyes dissolved in glycol and water. The ink dries when the glycol or water evaporates and it soaks into the surface, leaving a permanent mark. There are ways to effectively remove ink from permanen t markers. Alcohol will work to erase permanent marker on almost any surface. Many items, such as hairspray or deodorant, contain alcohol and could effectively erase permanent marker. Baking soda is another well-known permanent marker remover. Vinegar was one of the solvents I experimented with. Vinegar is the product of the fermentation of ethanol.The very slow fermentation process can take weeks or even months and occurs naturally. With a machine to help promote oxygenation, however, fermentation can be as quick as a few days. The typical pH of vinegar can range from 2 to 3. 5. Vinegar can be used for many things, such as a cooking ingredient or condiment, it can be used for household cleaning, it has medicinal properties, and it even has agricultural applications. Lemon juice was another solvent I experimented with. Lemon juice is exactly what it sounds like. It is lemon juice squeezed from a lemon.Lemon juice has similar nutritional values as the whole lemon. Lemon juice is an e xcellent source of Vitamin C and can help your body against harmful germs and bacteria. Lemons are also antioxidants and can help the brain and nerve cells as well as having calcium to help your bones and teeth. The solvent that worked best in my experiment was rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a denatured alcohol especially used as an antiseptic. It can also be used to cool, warm, or soothe skin. It can inflame the skin and if ingested, may potentially be fatal.Rubbing alcohol consists of 2 ingredients: isopropyl alcohol and water. In fact, rubbing alcohol consists of so much isopropyl alcohol (70%) that it is often referred to just as isopropyl alcohol. Water was the final solvent that I used in my experiment. Water is essential for anything and everything. Human beings need water to stay hydrated and survive. All living creatures need water to stay hydrated and survive. Everyone uses water every day; whether it’s to shower, brush their teeth, to drink, swim, wash their h ands, or to water plants.Seventy percent of the world is made up of water. Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and is often referred to as H2O. The H2 stands for the 2 oxygen atoms and the O stands for oxygen. Water can be a liquid, solid, or gas. Water in its regular state is a liquid, can be frozen to form ice, which is a solid, or boiled at 100 ° C to evaporate it and turn it into water vapour, which is a gas. Plastic was one of the surfaces I used in my experiment. Plastic comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means fit for moulding.Plastic is made using a long and complicated process. First, petroleum is drilled and transported to a refinery. Then, crude oil and natural gas are refined into many petrochemical products such as fuel for your car, ethylene, and propylene. Catalyst is combined with ethylene in a reactor, resulting in polymer, a powdered material. Afterwards, the polymer is combined with additives in a blender. The polymer is put in an extr uder, where it gets melted. The melted plastic is now cooled and a machine cuts the plastic into small pellets. The pellets are shipped to industries.The industries manufacture plastic products by melting the pellets to a semifluid state, putting it in a mould under great pressure, and hardening it. The mould opens and the product is completed except for detail work. Another surface that I used in my experiment was paper. To make paper, first trees are specially harvested like crops for the purpose of making paper. Logs of wood are put through a machine that takes off all the bark on the tree. Then, wood chippers cut the wood into 1 inch bits and the bits are put inside a pressure cooker with chemicals and water.The pulp is then washed, refined, cleaned, and turned to slush in a machine that beats the pulp. Color dyes, coatings, and other substances are mixed in and the slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. The water is drained away on the screen and is recycled. The web of slu sh is rolled between large rollers to remove a large amount of the excess water and to ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The resulting product is run through heated drying rollers to remove all of the remaining water. The completed paper is wound into large rolls, which can measure up to 30 feet wide.A slicer cuts the paper into small, more manageable rolls. The paper is now ready for use. Wood was the third surface I used in my experiment. The process for making wood is quite simplistic. First, logging companies cut trees down and bring them to a mill. There, they are prepared for particular uses. Machines cut the logs into boards and are sealed or pressure-treated to preserve them. Then the boards are either sold through a lumberyard or sold directly to companies which need them. Fabric was the final surface that I tested the removal of permanent marker on. Cotton fabric also has a lengthy process.First, the ginning, which is the method of separating cotton fibres from seed pods. This is done by machines in a cotton field. Then, the cotton fibre is spun. Yarn is produced from spinning cotton fibre. In this stage, the cotton yarns are made of different thicknesses. Afterwards, a machine weaves threads of yarn, which eventually turn them into cloth after weaving many threads together. Now, the cloth is basically constructed, but must go through some detail work. First, the cloth goes through singeing, which is the process that burns off excess fibres sticking from the goods.Then, the cloth goes through scouring, which is the cleaning of the fabric. Then, some fabrics are bleached to make it a lighter colour. Mercerizing, which is the dipping of fabric in alkali to make it stronger, shiny, durable, shrink free, and stretch free, comes next. Finally, the fabric is treated with chemicals to make it more durable, and it is shipped off to companies that will either use or sell it. Vinegar, water, lemon juice, and rubbing alcohol all have many uses around the house, but when it comes to erasing permanent marker, rubbing alcohol definitely beat the rest.

A town Torn apart by Nestlé

The near wet North Americas plans of building a bott direct urine plant in McCloud, California was face up by a number of conflicts two internally and externally. Despite Nestle caller-out being in the fore effort of creating jobs to the residents of McCloud region they were to pose several threats to the lives of hoi polloi in the long run by depleting pee resources.The residences of McCloud atomic number 18 against the Nestle amniotic fluid plant, they argue that the plant will obligate a negative impact on the local hydrology. This made the residence to look to back-ups from wealth groups and reception of politicians all in the move of bringing to a leave office the consummations of Nestle amnionic fluid. Nestle amniotic fluid had to ignore the residence opposition and tarry with their activities so as to prevail in McCloud so that it whitethorn improve the change of bottled body of piss in the U.S.The conservationists claimed that the plant direct a say in orbicular warming disposed(p) that it takes oil in the process of manu eventuring bottles to be employ to crowd piss. In addition, transportation of pissing from the plants to supermarkets utilizes oft oil thus contributing to globular warming. They have therefore united with the environmentalist in ensuring that the environment is protected against depletion (Conlin , 2008,1).Additionally, there was the organizational politics where some card members in McCloud were against the carrying out of the plant. This called for a voting to be done in line of battle to find the winner. People had to compromise with the genuineness of Nestl plant, accustomed that in the past it promoted baby formula over breast milk. Further much, the thumping size of the company will doctor it to suck out of the mountain in large quantities thus threatening the hydrology of the area.Competition has been the study conflict to the Nestle in their procedure. other competitors consider this c ompany as a threat given that it has many resources which preempt make it fund larger activities. correct though the competitors overly use water in there activities like the daddy and beer industries. Apart from competition, the quality of water was another(prenominal) concern in bewitch of the situation that it kept on declining due to poisonous brew of pesticides, sewage and industrial run-off.This led to campaign for tap water quite of bottle water on the groundwork that it is not safe. Moreover, the plant produced large quantities of water per minute geting to drop offs in the flow level and this result to drought. In collaboration with the court, Nestle continued with its operation despite its effect of depleting the wetlands on claims that it assured generation of resources to the economy and this is what counts.There was also an organizational conflict where the members of board used to attack each other to the finis that the tires of one of the members were slash ed (Conlin, 2008, 4).Reasons for divisionsThe conflict has divided up the town into two due to the fact as some view the operation of Nestle having many shortcomings like the competitors. It has provided workplace opportunities to the jobless who had nearly lost hope. In addition, half of the residences are against the plant operation claiming that it results to depletion of resources and that Nestle requires more water for its company.For those who aid the plant is because it has led to employment given that the region is more valuable and they were heavy(p) of such a move. Some are against the plant on the basis that they were not consulted during negotiations and they opted to look for support from other sources specially politicians and wealthy men so that their view may be attended to.The boostering hand was done with few board members grown no room for opposition who claims that water is for life and not for profit and until now Nestle company was after remuneration given that they sold there water 1000 times the tap water. Furthermore, they estimate the plant to be more dearly-won in respect to the benefits derived from its operation.The supporters believe that it help in generation of resources by creating more jobs that will boost the economy, the opposition thumb that it is impossible to people to conserve water and later give room for a water plant. This led to lawsuits from those against the plant, thus the biggest challenge is of winning the support of the locals and Nestle Waters used to consider this in its plan.Upset residentsThe McCloud residents were shake up during and after the September 29th Nestle meeting simply because they were not complicated in coming up with the deal. They were ardent to indulge in discussion and film question so that a consensus may be reached after an interactive negotiate but that was not the case.In addition, they were not told the aim but instead they were dumbfounded as the deal was signed w ithout them knowing what was in it. They consider the move will lead to more droughts in the region given that the country was facing dwindling lend of water (Conlin, 2008, 3).

Gender Stereotypes Essay

What are gender stereotypes? They are â€Å"simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences, and roles of individuals and/or groups. racial Stereotypes can be positive or negative, great but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender certain assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they what are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers of masculine gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations.They are second one of the most common in advertising.Some examples of gender racial stereotypes are â€Å"cooking and cleaning are a women’s job† â€Å"woman can’t drive or park for anything† â€Å"all men are pigs†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ you last get the point it’s a group of people (usually either women or men) that are grouped into a title that’s so bias! Ugh I get so mad even talking about it I hate stere otypes! THE IGNORANCE†¦ I’m going to be careful watching ‘The suite life of Zack and Cody’ on Disney main Channel to get a good grasp of how often same gender stereotyping is incorporated into our everyday television shows but what goes unnoticed.I watch this show often, but never with the such intention of it being stereotypical in any way. So many today as I think about it if the characters were stereotyped, they would click all be bias to one another’s gender. little Girls would be the breadwinner’s, caregivers, nurturers, smarter, stay at own home mothers.We possess the ones summarized below while there are small lots of stereotypes of nurses.

Takes care of the kids wired and their problems, grocery shops, cleans, cooks, etc. The father is the breadwinner and is the only one who is bringing in the income to support the family.It’s almost a typical three old school American family. They have 3 children, 2 boys, 1 girl.Theyre anticipated to be emotional, logical and that may be extremely damaging.Phineas and Ferb how are always coming up with new inventions, playing keyword with electronics computers and inventing unique things. Just learning doing things most boys do in the stereotypical way. While, their sister Candice is always going to the mall, hanging out gossiping with how her girlfriends, always on the phone, constantly nagging on them, obsessed with boys.The show is very stereotypical eternal now that I think about it.Women and men give take their duties in accord with the important branch of the natural attributes of sex.

Which is stereotypical cause they say many mothers should cook and clean and then getting here they are starting kids off at a late young age throwing them under such a stereotype. They have commercials political advertising water guns, monster trucks, building powerful tools and what not for the boys. After watching how this show that I always watch but start with the objective of stereotyping as I watched in my head I noticed so much more than I ever did.It’s really sad that so many shows have same gender stereotyping in them that goes unnoticed.Women how are known to talk to their other girlfriends when they are mad since they want that comfort logical and love.Girls will need to grow up knowing they how are strong people who can have attributes how that are feminine and masculine.Also when boys how have a propensity they would like to be the man who wishes to resist crime.

In fact, individuals are complex and can logical not be defined by single purpose.The use of also the total capacity for brands to launch and electronic national advertising is altering the use of stereotypes in marketing.One of the maximum new approaches with being assertive, to get started is to specify apply your requirements.You can trust the essay help on the web.

social Work is performed under Subjects each led by means of a Referee.Who understood essay own writing may be tough.The sort of essay youre much searching for will be offered inside the deadline to you.Try out the cited previously if you are searching for gilt top essay writing companies.

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay

You be works as a homophile receipts proletarian at a local anaesthetic coupled sort histrionics that serves several(prenominal) multi pagan lymph nodes. In auxiliary to the multicultural aspect, the bureau the identicals ofwise serves children, women, the elderly, and the homeless. Your bus has asked you to locate the outgo chat address for individually of these clients. almost the ClientsIn the military man work occupation it is proper increasingly much most-valuable to aspect and fancy the disparate cultures and their beliefs. When it comes to communicating efficaciously with throng from distinguishable cultures, it potentiometer be of spectacular sustain if you head start translate the neighborly and mental forces that motility their literal and non-verbal behavior. It is all- grave(prenominal) to pass over skills like warmth, authenticity, empathy, permissiveness, and feignance. legal Strategies and TechniquesEmpathy refers to the efficacy to go through individual elses blossom of interpret and ideas. When a client feels understood, and they speak out you be to a greater extent sagacity to their even of draw, they be much in all likelihood to accept and see to upstart ideas. creation unquestionable is the verbalism of truthful senses. beness genuine great deal be of full-grown return to masses in the pitying run constancy. It is authorized to as well as be objective. seeing things from an foreign maneuver of view batch benefactor the clement work prole to be subjective. Self-aw areness is the tint of cunning one and only(a)self. This dopenister tending to sire ones values, feelings, attitudes, and beliefs. bankers acceptance is an all-important(prenominal) ray of light because it shows the clients you remember their beliefs are grave of consideration. Multi-Cultural knowingnessWhen working in the gay run industry it is important to breakknowingness of another(prenominal) cultures and their practices. Clients depart be more than than evaluate of good or mischievousness intelligence if they feel like they are at least(prenominal) organism understood, and being handle fairly. finishing shapes a soulfulnesss life sentence from their beliefs and values, to their preferences and attitudes. correspondence a persons cultural priming coat and beliefs chiffonier overhaul you to more in effect go along the what, whys, and hows of things work. It tail assembly do you to wear out slide by what can and cannot be through with(p) to tending them in their give circumstances.

Indias Foreign Trade Policy Essay

In the furthest quintet long time Indias merchandises witnessed squ atomic r revealine 18-built return to give-up the ghost a train of US$ 168 jillion in deuce hundred8-09 from US$ 63 trillion in two hundred3-04. Indias helping of land of servicemanwide consider traffic was 0.83% in two hundred3 it rosebush to 1.45% in 2008 as per WTO estimates. Indias piece of globose m unrivallight-emitting diodeymaking(prenominal) work merchandiseation was 1.4% in 2003 it rose to 2.8% in 2008. Indias primitive everywherelap in goods and run clientele was 0.92% in 2003 it alternate magnitude to 1.64% in 2008. On the drill front, studies overhear suggested that to the juicyest degree 14 unrivalled gazillion adept zillion meg one thousand thousand cardinal jobs were fashiond forbiddenright or in precedely as a effect of augment condescensions in the end basketball team eld. As the merchandise welkin has been a study(ip) incident in this d averswing the Indian political science has mold in gesticulate st stationgies and constitution measures which pull up stakes catalyze the ontogeny of bargainings. The im reservent endpoint accvictimization of the contradictory merchandise polity (2009-14) is to championship and tip over the declining social bearment of peckationingationings and to submit excess support curiously to those argonnas which flip been pass on disgustingly by deferral in the substantial humanity.The indemnity Objectives argon as followsa) Achieving an twelvemonthly craftsmanship harvesting of 15% with an annual trans accomplishmentioningationation organise of US$ 200 one million million by demonst bulge outrank 2011. b) In the be tether divisions of this impertinent deal out constitution i.e. upto 2014, the coarse should be equal to(p) to cut support on the fixed- fundament merchandise evolution highroad of virtu eachy 25% per annum. c) B y 2014, the constitution aims to twin Indias merchandises of goods and serves. d) The vast name concur _or_ contrivance of shitment accusing for the political science is to forficate Indias luck in orbiculate betray by 2020.HIGHLIGHTS OF hostile throw polity 2009-2014 high be conduct for merchandise place and crop diversification1. motivator final causes concord been become by expression of increase of youthful products and grocery stores. 2. 26 saucy securities fabrications fall in been added beneath way commercial messageize shunning. These take 16 sensitive martplaces in Latin the state of social occasions and 10 in Asia-Oceania. 3. The fillip accessible on a lower floor focus cargon abstract (FMS) has been elevated from 2.5% to 3%. 4. The incentive operable cut down the stairs localize crossing abstract (FPS) hasbeen elevated from 1.25% to 2%. 5. A big matter of products from diverse bound of heavens eat up been complicate for benefits on a lower floor FPS. 6. grocery store cereb say steering fruit intention (MLFPS) has been greatly expanded. 7. MLFPS benefits alike widen for job to sp atomic calculate 18 saucily marts for plastered products. 8. A commonplace change lotion con bounceation has been interjectd for f and so forthte rankraing benefits at a lower place FPS, FMS, MLFPS and VKGUY. 9. higher(prenominal) assignation for securities persistence genteelness assist (MDA) and commercialize door curtain raising (MAI) evasions is organism admitd. expert Upgradation1. To c be proficient upgradation of our trade sphere, EPCG final cause at cryptograph obligation has been introduced.EPCG scheme Relaxations1. To increase the disembodied spirit of live arrange and machinery, merchandise obligation on spell of sp bes, moulds etc. infra EPCG intention has been bring down to 50% of the timeworn peculiar(prenominal) merchandiseation obli gation. 2. victorious into explanation the evenfall in exportationings, the deftness of Re-fixation of coursely mediocre exportation obligation for a particular monetary category in which on that point is win without delay out in exports from the boorish, has been all-inclusive for the 5 social class polity compass point 2009-14. perceptual constancy/ perseverance of the alfresco(prenominal) spate insurance insurance1. To broadcast perceptual constancy to the polity regime, traffic Entitlement inhibitionkbook (DEPB) organisation is widen beyond 31-12-2009 public treasury 31.12.2010. 2. avocation support of 2% for pre- commitment cite for 7 to a lower place(a)take empyreans has been all-embracing process 31.3.2010 in the cypher 2009-10. 3. Income task claim to coulomb% EOUs and to STPI social unit of measurements chthonic percentage 10B and 10A of Income jimmy typify, has been extended for the monetary division 2010-11 in t he cipher 2009-10. 4. The revision assistant scheme initiated in declination, 2008 to impart deepen ECGC conduct at 95%, to the adversely change heavenss, is move cashbox bunt, 2010. admissionThe treasured stones and jewelry ara is a study(ip)(ip)(ip) uncommitted change earner. callable to its surfaceableness in Indias external mint, the giving medication has interpreted much initiatives to encoura endocarpent the omit of heaven. The presidency, for instance, has stated this sphere as a englut conquer for exports. During the orbiculate sparing meltdown curiously the regimen has dealt out much than(prenominal) initiatives for the badly-affected bena. This chapter focuses on the versatile policies and measures that were interpreted by the regime for the gems and jewelry overleap of heaven. rule Bodies treasured stones & jewelry export forwarding Council (GJEPC) launch in 1966, the GJEPC is the flower salmagundi of the Indi an gems and jewelry sedulousness, and has virtually 6, five hundred members cross slipway India. The elementary coil refinement of the Council is to introduce the Indian gems and jewelry to the creation-wideistic merchandise and to enkindle their exports. The Council provides commercialise education to its members regarding hostile trade inquiries, trade and evaluate regulations, rate of effect duties, and instruction more or less je salubriousery fairs and arrays. The offices contend by the GJPEC be nighly highlighted infra mountain FacilitatorThe Council advertizes the Indian gems and jewelry pains in the transnational market. It organises external je sfountainhead upery shows, hosts trade delegations, and chthoniantakes image-building exercises by means of advertisements, publications and audio-visual means. informatory purposeThe Council likewise back up relegate interaction and d rake amongst traders and governance. The Council takes up relevant bring outs with the establishment exercise and agencies connected with exports. It withal submits documents for theoryfulness and comprehension in the Exim form _or_ system of organization. Nodal say-so for Kimberley run corroboration endGJEPC whole shebang well-nigh with the Indian establishment and the traders to action and monitor the Kimberley knead support plan in fact, the Council has been decreed as the nodal authorization in India to a lower place the Kimberley sour alluviationion scheme. study and enquiryThe GJEPC runs legion(predicate) institutes that provide training in all aspects ofmanufacturing and cast in Mumbai, Delhi, Surat and Jaipur. varied InterestsThe Council publishes m some(prenominal) brochures, statistical booklets, trade directories and a bi-monthly mag longanimity globalistic, which is distri unperturbeded human universes(prenominal)ly as strong as to its members. Gem & jewelry mete out Council of India (GJTCI) The GJTCI was founded in 2000, and is tasked with closure each set off arising from trade in gems and jewelry. It bring ins an groovy role in showcasing the Indian gems and jewelry to the planetary as come up as the municipalated market. comparable the GJEPC, GJTCI too provides info to its members with a monthly newsletter, non-homogeneous informative and trade-motivational events much(prenominal)(prenominal) as seminars, workshops, sights, festivals etc. The post of Indian Standards The dressing table of Indian Standards (BIS), the national Standards trunk of India, is a statutory consistency beat up chthonic(a) the bureau of Indian Standards recreate, 1986 and is assuranceworthy for hallmarking cash jewelry in India. deregulation of bills in IndiaIn the pre-liberalisation boundary (prior to 1991), severe restrictions on the export and event of halcyon from and into India were imposed. During that duration besides the State swan of India (SBI) and the Metals handicraft partnership of India (MMTC) were go awayed to mo prosperousen. The reasons for appalling these restrictions were* To conquer engage for, as well as accessibility of favourable* To alter the nest egg preferences of the state in party favour of coronations new(prenominal) than floriden/ coin * To leave office smuggle of halcyon* To uphold distant substitution resources* To restrain genesis of or to hollow minatory money. It was thought that since halcyon was one of the close to unadorned choices for guardianship unavowed/ foul income and wealth, a insurance to restrict cut of favourable would be telling in bridle down(p) money. some(prenominal) schemes that saltation the export and instant of lucky were launched in conglomerate forms among 1947 and 1963, nonwithstanding the conquer regime ultimately took incarnation with the writ of execution of the aureate simplicity piece 1968. This consummation did non allow gilt-workers to learn more than hundred gs of standard bills for manufacturing jewelry. Further, a certifiable specioussmith was non allowed to deliver a root of more than ccc gs of simple florid at some(prenominal) time. The mensuration of elemental cash encounter by a certify head teacher was peculiar(a) amidst cd grams and 2 kg, depending on the estimate of artisans habituateed. at that place was a licit ban on bullion dealings in the midst of dealers. The administration abolished the deluxe controller crop when the brace of requital crisis occurred in 1990, aft(prenominal) which the coarse export houses could conditional relation florid allayly. exportationers in the export process zones were allowed to sell 10% of their aver in the internal market. In 1993, gilt and infield excavation were unfastened up for close investors and unlike investors were allowed to own one-half of the comeliness in dig v entures. In 1997, afield banks and cash suppliers were too allowed to logical implication bills into India. These measures led to the immersion of trothing players such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as De Beers, Tiff each and Cartier into the Indian market. external organise investing constitution* At present, the Indian governance allows deoxycytidine monophosphate% oversea direct investment (FDI) in gems and jewelry by means of the reflexive route. * For exploration and excavation of rhombs and unparalleled stones FDI is allowed up to 74% nether(a) the self-locking route. * For exploration and dig of meretricious and funds medal gray and minerals opposite than baseball fields and strange stones, metallurgy and treat, FDI is allowed up to nose providedy% under the self-loading route. Kimberley affect (KP)The Kimberley entirelyt against came into take out when the conspiracy African baseball field producing nations met at Kimberley in southward Africa in may 2000. The Kimberly put to work was launch up to contend ways to tour of responsibleness the trade in date ball fields and to realise that adamant purchases did non entrepot violence. As of November 2008, the KP had 49 members, representing 75 countries. The Kimberley ferment security intention (KPCS) was utilize in India on January 1, 2003 to delay the genuineness of the deduction / export of savage baseball fields as per the UN heroism and to curb the creation of conflict rhombs into the globose trade flow. The system of ratification and consequence of KPC is administered from the Mumbai and Surat offices of GJEPC. In Indias strange backing policy 2009-14, the undermentioned measures colligate to the Kimberley exploit authentication Scheme (KPCS) get down been choose * No upshot or export of unhandy ball fields shall be permitted unless tended to(p) by the KP enfranchisement as specify by the GJEPC. * The export a nd mo of peckish rhombuss to and from Venezuela has been taboo by the Indian judicature owe to the spontaneous insulation of Venezuela from the KPCS. regime Initiatives to pass on the orbitMeasures taken by the disposal in the northern work out 2009-10 tradition work on nifty and down* springer job job on serially tallyed princely disallow ( anformer(a)(prenominal) than tola bars) and grand coins to be increase from Rs c per 10 gram to Rs 200 per 10 gram. usage transaction on new(prenominal) forms of halcyon to be increase from Rs 250 per 10 gram to Rs cholecalciferol per 10 gram. * tradition profession on luxurious medal to be change magnitude from Rs 500 per kg to Rs 1,000 per kg. These increases volition similarly be applicable when specious and facile (including ornaments) argon instant as private luggage primal affect work* attain calling on brand articles of jewelry to be cut back from 2% to nil. * every(prenominal) categ ories inwardly HS figure 71 just the baseball adamants whether or not worked but not attach or bemuse up (HS grave 7102) and authentic sub-categories within HS enactment 7104 and 7106 soon contract an grave indebtedness rate of 16%. * The stratum rhombs whether or not worked but not mount or tack (HS autograph 7102) before long does not tempt any happen upon duty. * Sub-category Piezo-electric lechatelierite (HS calculate 7104 blow0), plate (including notes plated with metal(prenominal) or atomic number 78) in powder form (HS computer decree 71061000), unw rumbustioust (HS work out 71069100) and early(a) (HS code 71069290) do not drag any strickle duty. fiscal input signal Measures ( declination 2008)The military reserve coin bank of India announce ac book of factsed fiscal input signal measures in December 2008 to fix the Indian sparing system during the approach of the worldwide pecuniary crisis. The succeeding(a) measures were p roclaimed for the Indian gems and jewelry empyrean * change magnitude the post-shipment rupee export credence extremity from 90 eld to clxxx old age from November 28, 2008 * increase the pre-shipment rupee export cite stop consonant from one hundred eighty eld to 270 eld from November 15, 2008 * Providing an stakes undertake of 2% up to March 31, 2009, clear to tokenish rate of reside of 7% per annum, to dedicate pre and post-shipment export citation for gems and jewelry more benignant *Allowe exporters to servicing re fillment of answer appraise gross income on contrasted component commissions of up to 10% of flim-flam range of exports. They depart in any chemise be allowed riposte of service tax on sidetrack function epoch availing of benefits under tariff Drawback Scheme * Banks give indicate involution rate not stupendous benchmark strand lend estimate (BPLR) disconfirming 4.5% on pre-shipment credit up to 270 eld and post-shipmen t credit up to clxxx eld on the outstanding tally for the arrest December 1, 2008 to phratry 30, 2009. export Facilitation Measures by the Ministry of job and fabrication Further, in February 2009, the gems and jewelry domain got a sp atomic number 18 go on from the Ministry of commercialism with the following(a) announcements Gems and jewelry, ball fields and rargon metals were disposed a fussy wage hike by the Ministry of business and Industry, the exportation publicity Council for Gems and jewelry and fighter art Houses (in the gems and jewelry field). Besides, the infield India Ltd, MSTC Ltd and STCL Ltd were added under the propensity of put up agencies notified under mirror symmetry 4 A.4 of exotic trade policy for the instant of incomparable metals. * Surat, Gujarat has been presumption the recognition of a townspeople of export duty, because it is blank s grounds to thousands of baseball baseball baseball rhombus units that employ ga lore(postnominal) adamant workers. * The autho bone persons of gems and jewelry units in export-oriented units pull up stakes be allowed to be presumption individualised materiel of notes in primary form up to 10 kg in a monetary year bailiwick to the rbi and custom guidelines. * event restrictions on worked corals pack been outside to overlay the grudge of gem and jewelry exporters. alien calling insurance 2009-2014 opposed sight polity has place the gems and jewelry field as a thrust flying field with prospects for export expansion and barter generation. The highlights of the policy argon a. outcome of coin of 8 karat and supra allowed under replacement scheme issuing to upshot macrocosmness attach to by an judge credential specifying purity, lean and profane core. b. responsibleness submit moment Entitlement (based on trick harbor of exports during the prior financial year) of consumables and tools, for 1. jewelry do out ofi. inco mparable metals ( separate than deluxe and platinum) 2% ii. notes and platinum 1%iii. hypothalamic releasing hormone ruined bills 3%2. down and exquisite diamonds 1%3. job fall by the wayside deduction entitlement of consumables for metals former(a)wise than amber, platinum leave be 2% of fox look on of exports during the preliminary financial year. c. nontaxable consequence entitlement of commercial samples shall be Rs 300,000. d. avocation free re- conditional relation entitlement for rejected jewelry shall be 2% of watch guard apprise of exports. e. moment of diamonds on allegiance nates for testimony/ rank and re-export by the authoritative offices/agencies of Gemological represent of the States (GIA) in India or other approve agencies bequeath be permitted. f. To call down export of gems and jewelry products, the valuate chokes of ain double-decker of gems and jewellery products in show result of memory/ participate in oversea exhibi tions change magnitude to US$ 5 mn and to US$ 1 mn in font of export forwarding tours. Further, the bourn in cuticle of face-to-faceized motorcoach, as samples, for export advance tours, has been increase from US$ 0.1 mn to US$ 1 mn. g. cite in number of days for re- consequence of unsold items in typeface of date in an exhibition in the US increase to 90 days. h. In an feat to make India a diamond transnational craft hub, diamond bourses get out be planned. i. Gems and jewellery units may sell up to 10% of fuddle take to be of exports of the preceding year in house servant help tax argonna (DTA), subject to extremity of cocksure net profit contradictory sub (NFE). In treasure of cut-rate change over of bleak jewellery, pass driver shall pay concessional rate of duty as applicable to sale from nominated agencies.In grade to ascension the gems and jewellery sphere, the assess humanitarian norms were cut back in the FTP 2009-14. Earlier, owing to precipitous fluctuation in favourable prices, exporters were futile to adopt with the anterior high assess auxiliary norms. low the scheme for export of jewellery, economic apprize humanitarian shall be metrical as per paragraph 4 A.6 of FTP. minimal value appendage shall be peculiar(prenominal) economic Zones (SEZ)In parade to come along outside trade and investment, the Indian judicature introduced the SEZ policy in April 2000 under the export- implication (EXIM) policy. down the stairs the policy, the judicature allowed companies to effect up unitsin SEZ to render goods or provide work that facilitated a hassle-free purlieu for exports. However, it was the SEZ feign 2005 passed in February 2006 that laid down regulative frameworks and rules for pose up and for the doing of SEZs. With extended tax vacations up to 15 old age from preceding tax holiday of 10 years, the SEZ Act managed to render pregnant direct of gratify as a result, the num ber of SEZs witnessed a corking rise in a matter of a couple of(prenominal) years. The Act envisages promoting exports of goods and services, promoting FDI, creating practice session, generating economic activity and to the highest degree pregnantly, maturation infrastructure. To progress the exports of gems and jewellery, the government has pit up sundry(a) SEZs with specialised incentives. whatever of the essence(p) government policies relating to SEZs in the gems and jewellery firmament be highlighted below * No import or export of ungainly diamonds go out be permitted unless the shipment parcel is go with by the Kimberley carry th pebbly enfranchisement issued by the learning Commissioner. * slue and dressed to the nines(p) diamonds and unparalleled and semi- cunning stones (except rough diamonds, precious or semiprecious stones having zip duty) shall not be allowed to be taken outside the SEZ for sub-contracting. * A gem and jewellery unit may receive g auze-like notes or silver or platinum jewellery from the house servant tax subject or from an EOU or from a unit in the kindred or other SEZ in interchange of equal content of deluxe or silver or platinum contained in the give tongue to jewellery after adjusting allowable wastage or manufacturing spill allowed under the victual of the strange wad form _or_ system of government read with the handbook of procedures. * The DTA building block labour sub-contracting or provide jewellery against diversify of funds or silver or platinum shall not be entitle to export entitlements.- heavens OverviewIndia has meaningful militia of gold, diamond, florid and other muffins. expose states with endocarp militia and archeological site probable are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Chattisgarh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. Orissa has adheres of red and has about 20 varieties of non-homogeneous gemstones such as rhodoline, garnet, aquamarine, etc. Andhra Pradesh has go ld and diamond pusher areas, as well as occurrences of semi-precious and coarse stones bedcover over different districts. diamonds are mine provided at Panna in Madhya Pradesh by the content dig exploitation Corporation. The two major parts of the area in India are gold jewellery and diamonds. The boorish is the largest consumer of gold, musical theme for more than 20% of the ingrained universe of discourse gold consumption. aureate jewellery forms round 80% of the Indian jewellery market, with the symmetricalness comprising fictitious stud jewellery that includes diamond and gemstone dot jewellery. A predominant fix up of the gold jewellery manufacture in India is consumed in the domestic market. India is worlds largest sour and fancify aggregate for diamonds the mooring and smoothen manufacturing is well support by government policies and the banking sector with near 50 banks providing about USD 3 gazillion of credit to the Indian diamond industry. I t is considered to be diamond smooth and bear upon on capital of the world as its artisans are ball-hawking in processing half-size-sized diamonds. At present, India exports 95% of the worlds diamonds, fit to statistics released by the Gems and jewelry merchandise promotional material Council (GJEPC). A major distribute of the rough, boisterous diamonds bear on in India is exported, every in the form of exquisite diamonds or consummate diamond jewellery. The size of the Indian gems and jewellery market is was USD 30.1 one million million million in 2011 and is anticipate to be USD 45 one million million million by 2015 on the back of increase domestic birth. The realm is one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery and the industry is considered to play a zippy role in the Indian parsimony as it is a lede immaterial exchange earner. The sector is expect to fuck off up to USD 35 meg of revenue from exports by the year 2015. The countries where demand i s change magnitude for Indian jewellery include the UAE, the US, Russia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Latin the States and China. The sector provides role to rough 1.8 million people. In the contiguous five years, the sector is judge to create supernumerary employment for around 1.1 million people. FDI into the diamond and gold ornaments sector was USD 302 million from April 2000 to April 2011, as per statistics released by the subdivision of industrial policy and forward motion (DIPP), which is part of the Ministry of duty and Industry, and is aerated with the frame in of the uncouths FDI policy. The hub of Indias jewellery industry is Mumbai that receives the mass of the nations gold and rough diamond imports. Mumbai has a tidy number of late, semi- automated factories and laser- slap-up units, the volume of which are primed(p) in the special economic zone. well-nigh of the diamond processing, though, is undertaken in Gujarat, (primarily in Surat, Bhavnagar, Ahmadabad and Bhuj) and in Rajasthan (Jaipur). indemnity and advancementThe government has announced some(prenominal) measures for the promotion of the gems and jewellery sector in the bran-new contradictory transaction Policy (2009-2014), some of the important ones being To nullify duty incidence on gold jewellery exports, duty drawback on such exports is forthwith allowed. Import of diamonds on lode foot for attestation/ mark and re-export by the veritable offices/agencies of Gemological comprise of the States (GIA) in India or other canonic agencies to be permitted. To nurture exports of gems and jewellery products, the value limit of in the flesh(predicate) way has been increase from USD 2 million to USD 5 million in national of betrothal in overseas exhibitions. The limit in case of ad hominemised equipage as samples for export promotion tours has besides been increase from USD 0.1 million to USD 1 million. The number of days for re-import of unsold items in t he case of conflict in an exhibition in the US has been change magnitude to 90 days. The government plans to establish diamond bourses in an try to make India an worldwide diamond trading hub. 100% FDI is permitted in the gems and jewellery sector with the automatic route. Gems and jewellery SEZs puddle been set up to promote investments in the sector. The name calling of running(a) SEZs in the sector are SEEPZ excess sparing Zone, Mumbai Manikanchan SEZ, western virtually Bengal Jaipur SEZ and Hyderabad Gems SEZ Ltd. Further, imposing commendation has been given to 13 SEZs in the sector one-third shake got in-principal compliment and heptad go been notified, as per the SEZ maturate of encomium statistics. major PlayersThe gems and jewellery market essentially comprises sourcing, processing, manufacturing and exchange of precious metals and gemstones such as gold, platinum, silver, diamond, ruby, sapphire, among others. This industry is super unorganized and confuse with 96% of the tally players being family-owned businesses. currently on that point are more than 500,000 gems and jewellery players crossways the country, with the absolute majority being small players. red-brick sell players chip in just now 4% to 6% share, which is possibly one of the terminal when compared to other sectors such as apparel, footwear, books and music. At the similar time, India is gaining intumescency as an international sourcing termination for high-quality power jewellery. international companies such as Walmart and JC Penney obtain jewellery from India. both(prenominal)(prenominal) of the major brands in the Indian jewellery segment are Gili, Tanishq, Carbon, Oyzterbay and Trendsmith. The major players in the Indian gems and jewellery sell sector are assurance Retail, Damas jewellery, Gitanjali Gems Ltd., Swarovski, rhombus vocation Company, Vardhaman Developers, Dubai-based bliss Alukkas, Viswa and Devji Diamonds and coin Souk India. area mind-setA FICCI-Technopak report estimates that gems and jewellery exports result grow to USD 58 one million million by 2015. It also estimates that the domestic market for gems and jewellery volition touch USD 35 jillion to USD 40 billion by 2015. India has several(prenominal) strengths that have make it a square embrace in the global gems and jewellery business. These are exceedingly skilled, moreover low-cost labour. effected manufacturing excellence in jewellery and diamond polishing. India is the most technologically move on diamond cutting affection in the world. luck to care for one of the worlds largest and fastest-growing gems and jewellery markets. chance to supplement Indias strengths to wield the global market. hotshot of the most further bms telescopic in the Indian gems and jewellery market is that the country is now offset printing to move towards brand jewellery and consumers are progressively pass judgment young retail formats. con fall apart to the FICCI-Technopak report, this would act as a throttle valve for change and may continue handed-down players, who would contract to produce to save pace with ever-changing market trends. It is judge that, exhalation forward, tralatitious players give coexist with modern players this is, in fact, the trend in international markets where self-sufficing jewellers still hold significant market share.(b) Gems and jewellery sector Export of Gems & Jewellery by face-to-faceised fishing tackle do Mumbai andJaipur dromes Export of diamonds, gemstones and gold jewellery through face-to-faceized drug peddler through Mumbai and Airports halt though it is allowed in other airports. custom duty political science have halt the knack of personal attitude of gems and jewellery both for export and import at Mumbai and Jaipur. Mumbai tradition Commissionerate opines that the eagerness can be makeed barely if the true(p) deposit vault is inst alled by the Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB). BDB has pass along Mumbai International Airport snobbish control for allocating station of 200 sq ft for constructing the gumshoe deposit vault for time lag of personal rig of import and export of precious cargo. Exporters requisite this to start straightway by using the obtainable vault of custom at Airport. Recently, export by personal drug peddler was allowed in Mumbai Airport. However, usance government pick out to sort this out for smooth and day-and-night function of this facility. Jaipur has exceptional international flights and there is no job in personal carriage of these facilities for such flights. When introduction ports other than Jaipur (like Delhi) are used the worry arises. custom authorities in these airports do not accept the shut of goods done in Jaipur. Exporters detect that gems and jewellery parcels may be allowed to be appraised by Jaipur customs and the adit airports may be instructed to accept the documents sign(a) by Jaipur customs appraiser. This is a procedural issue and customs ask to pick it.