Black People and American Dominant Culture Essay

* A sign is anything that could be used to stand for something else. The two parts are a recognizable signifier (form that the sign takes) with a signified (the concept that it represents) 2. According to Howard Zinn, whose voices are the ones often neglected by/ left out of history? * The voices left out are done by those who are not popular, the common man. 3. Zinn discussed the language used in the Declaration of Independence, and that used in the United States Constitution to describe the rights to which everyone is entitled. How do they differ and what greater conflict does this discrepancy represent? * ‘Our people are basically decent and caring, and our highest ideals are expressed in the Declaration of Independence, which says all of us have an equal right to â€Å"life liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ * The America that we â€Å"know is a country that had slavery and still has racism, had a president who was seen as a hero who loved war and 4. Describe Ronald Takaki calls the â€Å"Master Narrative† of American history. What two assumptions does this version of American history rely upon, and what problems does this pose for the study of America’s history and contemporary understandings of who/what is American? * Master narrative: the â€Å"power and popular but inaccurate story† declaring that â€Å"our country was settled by European immigrants, and Americans are white. † * A filter through which we learn history * Leaves out all the other cultures that live in America 5. How does James Hoopes define oral history vs. oral tradition? Does American dominant culture have a strong oral tradition? Why/why not? * Oral history: documents collected by tape recorder. Used by social scientists in â€Å"participant observation† studies * Oral tradition: Usual name for verbal stories passed on from one generation to the next 6. What are the strengths/advantages of oral history as a methodology? What are the limitation/weaknesses of oral history? How can these limitations/weaknesses be supported? * Strengths: it can find the point of view of the people who originally had no voice before. It can be used to find more details that may otherwise prove what is traditionally taught as wrong or different. Can be used to make documentation stronger * Weaknesses: Memory is fallible, needs documentation to provide validity, people may lie, bias, only living people, reluctance 7. What group of people was the subject of study in Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold? Why do the authors argue it was important to study these women? Were they part of a political movement? In what way(s) did they contribute to social change in the U. S.? * Subject of study: Working class lesbians from the mid-1930’s to the early 1960’s in Buffalo, New York * The focus revealed the centrality of butch-fem roles. * Women’s openness about their lesbianism was crucial not only to the communities they helped form in their own time but to all lesbian communities which they have provided a model for that have emerged since. * They even go so far as to posit that these older lesbians and their lives constitute a prepolitical stage of the 1970’s gay rights movement. 8. What kinds of challenges did the women in Storming Caesars Palace face growing up in the South? What was the name of the organization that they created and ran together? What kinds of services were they able to make available to residents on the west side of Las Vegas? * The women faced racism, discrimination, lack of jobs, welfare, income, fathers leaving, marriages failing. Women saw marrying early as a way to get out of this but turned out to be wrong. The organization that they created was called Operation Life which created community programs that included a medical center, library, senior citizen housing and daycare. 9. What stereotypes are often associated with those who collect welfare? When welfare was created, who did it primarily benefit? Who was excluded from receiving benefits? * Stereotypes are often associated with poor people, have kids only for more welfare, lazy, can’t find work, too lazy to find work. Cheating the system, getting paid too much. â€Å"driving Cadillacs†, too many kids * Black women were denied birth control, doctors encouraged black women to have sex at a young age * When it was created it primarily benefited the white community (white widows and orphans) *social security and unemployment: excluded domestic work and agricultural) * Blacks were denied welfare (Domestic work and agricultural work) most black women ended up doing those jobs. 10. According to the film Crips and Bloods: Made in America, how have Black men typically been characterized in American dominant culture? How is this reflected by the proportion of Black men in America who end up jailed/imprisoned during their lifetimes? How did those we heard from in the film characterize the penitentiary system and law enforcement efforts to wage a â€Å"war on drugs/crime? † * Black men are typically characterized in American dominant culture as having a tendency to do crime and that the life they live is the life they chose and want. * 1 in 4 black men are incarcerated in their lifetimes in the area. However this isn’t the life that they chose for themselves. The life that the white people, law enforcement has placed upon them forced them into the life that they were trying to avoid. * They said that the â€Å"war on drugs/crime† ended up being a war on black people 11. According to the film, what factors contributed to these rise of urban street gangs in Los Angeles? What kinds of opportunities were not available to young people in these neighborhoods? Why do young people join gangs, and what do they get out of being in a gang? * Territorial boundaries, discrimination, gangs, police force forced them into this life. No father figures, police force incarcerating black fathers * They were not able to join organized groups and as a result joined a gang to feel accepted. They did that to get some sense of family and they looked after one another, and protection, fed one another 12. How were the actions of African American residents during the Watts Rebellion characterized by media and law enforcement? How did they describe themselves? * The media and law enforcement saw it as a â€Å"riot† that it was unorganized chaos * They perceived it as a â€Å"rebellion† that they knew fully well what they were doing and that it was organized and that white people didn’t think black people had the capable thought of organizing together. 13. How is violence characterized/interpreted differently depending on who commits acts of violence? When is violence deemed acceptable/unacceptable? * LAPD/National Guard: Supposed to keep the police. * Black community: Characterized differently. * Before civil war: Black men seen as foolish. * After civil war: Seen as dangerous, naturally brutes, slavery helped civilized them, seeing as a threat to the entire social fabric (white women in particular) * Allowed justification for lynching black men by whites * 14. How does Anderson define â€Å"nation? † What are the 4 defining characteristics of the nation? * Nation: â€Å"an imagined political community – and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. † 1. Limited 2. Community 3. Sovereign 4. Imagined 15. Explain the concept of American exceptionalism. In what ways in an emphasis on American exceptionalism reflected in American culture? What founding myths promoted this idea? What two central weaknesses have criticisms of American exceptionalism focused on? * American Exceptionalism: The idea that America is unique, special, â€Å"City upon a Hill. † Essentialize American identity. Isolation from within. * Manifest Destiny: Encouraged expansion * Frontier Thesis: Rugged individualism, crucial experience, closing of the frontier, bring forth imperialism, spread freedom and democracy * City upon a Hill (society would be an exemplar of God’s will) * Weaknesses: Makes America close minded to other ways of culture or life. We believe that our way of doing things is the best and that we must spread our ideas onto other countries makes us seem imperialistic. 16. Describe how the stock minstrel show characters like the Sambo, Mammy, Coon, and Uncle were portrayed. What function did these portrayals play in Antebellum American culture? What did these images say about the institution of slavery? How did images of Black Americans (and Black men in particular) change following the Civil War? What did this reflect/justify? How was Emancipation portrayed in popular media? How were Black children, or â€Å"Pickaninnies,† often represented? What was the purpose/function of such stereotypes? * Sambo – Happy slave, docile, slave in their natural placed, used to seem to resolve the moral and political in the conflict of having slavery in a free country * Mammy – woman version of the Sambo, fat woman, docile does not have the qualities of the white woman (beauty), worked for the white man, never evoked sexual feeling, seen as the controller in their own family. Men are weak, women are strong. * Coon –ignorant black man, tries to act intelligent, dresses like a white man but acts like a fool, gambler after the civil war. * Uncle – existed before Civil War. Old slave, fond of the master’s family, loyal. After Civil War, misses slavery, goes back to visit master to reminisce * Pickaninnies – black children as animal like, always by a river, messy hair, having alligators pursuing children 17. How does the United States Constitution characterize the relationship between government and religion? How is the significance of religion, particularly Protestant Christianity reflected in American public life? * 1st Amendment talks about separation between church and state * However we always have the image of God. â€Å"In God we trust† â€Å"God bless America† â€Å"One nation under God† Presidents always reference Him 18. In what ways did the emergence of an American middle class in 19th century transform the American family? What is the Ideology of Separate Spheres? According to the Cult of Domesticity, what are the four virtuous attributes that the Victorian True Woman was expected to embody? * Body of ideas reflecting the social needs and apparitions of an individual, group, class or culture. * Women were expected to stay home and watch over the children and teach them religion while the men went out to work * Ideology of Separate Spheres: * Public: Work, education, business, economics, toughness, educated, confident, aggressive and competitive * Private: Childrearing, cleaning, cooking, seeing, submissive, kind, caring, loving, nurturing. * Cult of Domesticity: 1. Piety (religious devotion) 2. Purity (chaste/sexual purity/virginity) 3. Submissiveness (Obedient as little children) 4. Domesticity (â€Å"Home Sweet Home†, refuge for husband) 19. How does George Ritzer describe the â€Å"McDonaldisation† of society? Identify and describe the four key concepts of â€Å"McDonaldisation. † * Process of rationalization, taken to extreme levels * Culture possesses the characteristics of a fast food nation 1. Efficiency – The optimum method of completing a task. The rational determination of the best mode of production. Individuality is not allowed. 2. Calculability – Assessment of outcomes based on quantifiable rather than subjective criteria. Quantity over quality. 3. Predictability – the production process is organized to guarantee uniformity of product and standardized outcomes 4. Control – The substitution of more predictable non-human labor for human labor, either through automation or deskilling of the work force. Key Terms: 1. Semiotics – The study of signs and symbols 2. Oral History – tape – recorded historical information obtained in interviews concerning personal experiences and recollections. 3. Oral Tradition – Verbal stories passed on from one generation to the next 4. Nation (as defined by Benedict Anderson) – â€Å"an imagined political community [that is] imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign† 5. Myth – a traditional story, esp, one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, 6. Ideology- a systematic body of concepts of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture. 7. American Exceptionalism – Essentialize American identity. Isolation from within. America is superior society 8. City Upon a Hill – The society that would be an exemplar of God’s will 9. Manifest Destiny – America was superior and they offered the best. Indians were primitive in comparison. As a result America expanded westward to bring education, technology, and religion and drive the Indians out of their land and bring expansion. God’s plan to expand from coast to coast. Bring progress to a virgin land 10. Frontier Thesis – Frederick Jackson Turner: The wellsprings of American exceptionalism and vitality have always been the American frontier, the region between urbanized, civilized society and the untamed wilderness. The frontier created freedom, â€Å"breaking the bonds of custom, offering new experiences, and calling out new institutions and activities. † 11. Patriarchy – social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line. Control by men of a disproportionately large share of power 12. Imperialism – The policy practice of extending the power of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining indirect control by the political or economic life of other areas. 13. Globalization – process of increasing connectivity, services are transported though borders.

Education and Funds Allocation: A Comparative Analysis Essay

Education, the act process of being educated or of educating, is an important aspect of a nation’s development (Houghton Miifflin, 2009). It is a key tool in the development of a civic awareness, competence, and cooperation (Stephenson, 2005). In the United States (US) Educational System, progression is from one to two years of pre-school education, to 12 years of average instruction, and to a four-stage higher education system (US Department of State, 2008). In 2004, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) set down different variables or indicators that determine how well a country’s educational system works (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2004). I. Indicators/Response and Explanatory Variables A. Response Variable. Response variables are those that indicate how effective a state’s education system is. From the indicators set by the UNESCO, this study will be focusing on the following response variables: Teachers’ Pay, Income per capita (income per person, including children), the percent of students graduating from the high schools, the number of people that are illiterate, and average Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) Verbal and Math Scores. B. Explanatory Variables. On the other hand, explanatory variables are those that affect or relate to the response variable. In the study, explanatory variables are: Dollars per Pupil, State Population, the Governor’s Salary, and the percentage of high school students taking the SAT. C. Analysis of Relationship between Variables. In general, explanatory variables affect and relate to response variables in different ways. Appendix A presents a table of the different education indicators in the different states and regions of US (Table 1). From these data, Table 1A was generated to present the summarized average statistical indicators per region. Figure 1 presents a line graph comparing the explanatory and response variables of each region. For purposes of comparison, figures from Table 1Awere adjusted to multiples of ten. In Figure 1, it can be seen that most of the response variables are directly related to the explanatory variable population. The spikes in the graph show that if the population is high, then consequently, the dollars per pupil is also high. This also goes for the teachers’ salary, except for the Western region where even though there was a dip in the population line, there was an increase in the line for Teachers’ Pay. Also, the West differed from the other regions when an increase in the income per capita line and percentage of high school graduates contradicted the plunge in the population line. The average SAT scores and illiteracy differed from the other indicators, since a rise in the population line showed a dip in the SAT and illiteracy lines. In all, population affects the response variables in different ways per region. On the other hand, the Governor’s pay, showed no definite effect or relation on the other response variables. II. Analysis of Basic Data Table 1B presents the condensed data on the educational indicators of the states of Nebraska and Virginia. Table 1B, along with Table 1A, can be seen in the appendices section. A. Nebraska Educational Indicators. The state of Nebraska has a population of 1,578,000. With this population, the following educational indicators were recorded: $4,831 dollars per student, an income per capita of $4,508, an average teachers’ pay of $26,600, an average SAT score of 484 (verbal) and 546 (math), a 59. 3 percentage of high school graduates, and a rate of six illiterate individuals out of every 100 people of Nebraska. B. Virginia Educational Indicators. In total contrast, the state of Virginia has a population of 6,187,000. Also, the following educational indicators were reported: $5,360 dollars per student, an income per capita of $4,701, an average teachers’ pay of $32,400, an average SAT score of 425 (verbal) and 470 (math), a 47. 8 percentage of high school graduates, and a rate of fourteen illiterate individuals out of every 100 people of Nebraska III. Comparison of the Two States A. Comparison of the Two States against Each Other Figure 2 presents a bar graph depicting the differences between the states of Virginia and Nebraska. From the graph, it can be seen that the state of Virginia has a larger population (6,187,000), especially when compared to that of Nebraska’s only around 1,578,000. And so, it is rather expected that Virginia has a higher dollars per pupil rate and a higher income per capita, also shown from the graph. With this population discrepancy, it is also expected that the state of Virginia also has a larger teachers’ pay.

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism Essay - 1

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism - Essay Example (Cheney, 47) Michelangelo’s ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardo’s Last Supper, and Raphael’s School of Athens. The Last Judgment, was a paradigm of Mannerism as seen in the elongation of the figures and distortions of proportion. This is in contrast to his Florentine figures of Bacchus, David, and Doni Madonna which are formed in Gothic fashion. (Cheney, 54) Michelangelo was born in 1475 in a wealthy family near Florence. (Matthews and Platt,73) At the age of 13, he developed an extraordinary talent in drawing, and by his 14th birthday he was placed as an apprentice in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio.(Matthews and Platt, 73) It was in Ghirlandaios workshop that Michelangelo learned the fundamentals of fresco painting. Michelangelo’s ceiling in the Sistine chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardo’s Last Supper, and Raphael’s School of Athens. The style known as Mannerism was predominant Italy, France, Netherlands, Germany and Spain between 1530 and 1600. Michelangelo is the representative of Mannerism, who stated that foreshortening is among the most difficult in the art of painting. The Mannerist had to free himself from the realities of this earth like a visionary and soar into higher spiritual spheres. To be a Mannerist, one had to be an eccentric, withstand ingenious mental experiments, subordinate himself to the dominion of the intellect instead of natural intuition, enjoy toying with incongruous ideas, place the artificial before normality, be receptive to the theoretical side and be enthusiastic and delight in the reckless distortion of his materials. The traditionally-minded artists stayed on the Renaissance artistic scope. (Cheney, 56) The father and creator of the Mannerist movement was Michelangelo. The special groups of artists who copied the maniera di Michelangelo in the sixteenth century were known as

Risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Risk management - Assignment Example This explains the movement of chemicals in water. The Batch test is used to measure the coefficient distribution whereas soil is given in the solution sections. The procedure shows that it needs to be shaken for a time of 24-48 hours so that the amount absorbed in the soil can be identified. The different factors affecting the content include the following; salinity, organic content, chemical concentration on species and finally the pH with redox potential (Briand, 2010). According to the given scenario, saltwater encroachment of aquifers, because of anthropogenic contaminants changes the quality of water with its ecological water status as in the wells. Additionally, chemical pathogens with discoloration like calcium, sodium, iron and manganese are present. Water in most of the wells changes the color, the taste or even the odor because of chemical spills on the ground. Nevertheless, a high level of chloride can be witnessed on wells and contaminated water (Briand, 2010). It shows itself at the surface of the water wells with numerous numbers of the bacteria inside. The side effects to the infants drinking the contaminated water can experience diarrheal illness from the contaminated water, disorders in respiratory, frequent vomiting, parasitemia diseases, and coma. In addition, the children can acquire various infections from the contaminated soil grounds like cutaneous, hookworms and ascariasis. Infants should be highly protected from the above

Ecological - City Sprawl field trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ecological - City Sprawl field trip - Essay Example As will be seen in this brief essay, economic development need not always engender all of these negative attributes; however, re-purposing a site oftentimes has many negative effects (although oftentimes less negative than allowing the site to remain in use). Accordingly, this brief essay will consider but a few of these factors with relation to the field trip that was engaged upon by our class outing to the Millbrook Marsh site earlier in the semester. The site itself was formerly a farm. When individuals consider a farm they oftentimes wrongfully assume that such a â€Å"natural† business endeavor will likely engender few if any ecological impacts. However, this is far from the truth. High levels of bio-waste associated with animal waste and/or improperly disposed of chemical or pesticide waste can severely damage the ecology of a region for many years to come. With respect to the Millbrook Marsh field trip, the farm itself was originally reclaimed from a wetlands area that included multiple smaller wetlands that were built over and covered so as to provide suitable farming land. As was often the case prior to a more full and complete understanding of the environmental impacts associated with wetland destruction, wetlands were oftentimes viewed as wasted land that could and should be reclaimed in order to serve a more useful purpose; in this case – to provide the community with additional arable land. Upon disuse of the farm, the community leaders and civic entities responsible for parks and recreation decided to reclaim the wetlands which had been destroyed in order to provide but a positive environmental impact to the region as well as provide the community with an additional park within the region. Accordingly, a centrally designed plan was created to reclaim the wetland and provide a park and a location for environmental

Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leonardo Da Vinci - Research Paper Example Verrocchio was the name of his teacher who trained Da Vinci in a Florentine studio until he began his art career. Leonardo was 14 years during his apprenticeship. He spent the following years in mastering what the world would later love and remember him. It is significant to mention that the establishment of Leonardo Da Vinci personal workshop at 20 years was commendable1. During his career, Leonardo Da Vinci experienced both pleasant moments in which many people admired him. However, throughout his art existence, Da Vinci equally experienced low moments in which his works were criticized2. For instance, Leonardo Da Vinci was lucky to get numerous rich clients because of the perfection of his works. Leonardo died, 67, as a vegetarian after a life of painting using most inspirations from his life. Leonardo Da Vinci’s highlight was when Lorenzo de Medici, an Italian rich man asked him to design a silver piece of art. The silver lyre which he initiated made him get more orders fr om this rich Italian man. Leonardo’s life focused on respect for nature because of his continuous habit to free birds in to their natural homes. Finally, Leonardo Da Vinci’s life had most celebrations because up to date people still have T-shirts and other sales materials, which have his paintings. Most Famous Paintings Evidently, â€Å"Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper and Mona Lisa â€Å"are the most popular paintings of Da Vinci. In particular, The Last Supper (painted on a rectory wall) began to deteriorate following its creation because Da Vinci did not use the tempera on panel technique. 3The creation of the Last Supper was instantly when Jesus indicated that a disciple would be disloyal to Him. It is unfortunate that a majority of Leonardo Da Vinci works do not survive because of his deep sense of adventure with new technologies. However, even if the painting flaked, there was a recent remodeling of the same in order for people to enjoy viewing it. Moreover, The Mona Lisa is called half a smile because of Leonardo Da Vinci’s unique use of lightning in most of his paintings. In addition, Leonardo kept on postponing the completion of some of his pieces. Therefore, the available work could be perfect if he had more focus. It is also imperative to mention that his early work was called â€Å"The Baptism of Christ†, which he created with Verrocchio. All Leonardo Da Vinci’s renowned paintings display diverse aspects of movement unlike the remaining painters. Characteristics of Leonardo Da Vinci’s Art It is noteworthy to mention that Da Vinci’s works borrow a great deal of the human anatomy. Originally, The Mona Lisa was meant to be a private piece which took two years for the completion of its creation. This Mona Lisa painting is set on a significant light, which enables people to notice the uniqueness of the painting. The most obvious special characteristic about The Mona Lisa is Leonardo’s use of the sm oke technique. Further, this smoke technique makes it hard for anyone to notice the difference between darkness and lightness in the picture. The liquid paint, which Leonardo uses, depicts his understanding of the world to be always in movement4. Additionally, the painting of Mona Lisa is unique because of the unique half smile presented by Leonardo. The face of the woman in the painting is straight to the viewer. However, the rest of her body faces the direct opposite from

Gummee Glove Ltd now starting to make disabled clothing Essay

Gummee Glove Ltd now starting to make disabled clothing - Essay Example According to Disabled Living Foundation (2015), over 10 million people in Britain are disabled with 5 million of them having surpassed state pension age while over 6.9m million disabled people are in the working age (Hoskins, April 2, 2014). The figure represents 19% of the working age population is disabled. All these people have a need for clothing and apparel regardless of their position in society and the disability cuts across gender depicting the high market presence for the supply of disabled clothing. The UK market for disability is evidently large from the large number of people needing the services, and it will be an undertaking for Gummee Glove to meet an unmet need in the market. Competition in the disability clothing market is low owing to the dedication of mainstream businesses to the production of clothes for people who have no disabilities. The reason for the non-dedication to the production and sale of clothes to the disabled market is the lack of economies of scale. Businesses prefer the production of clothes for the non-disables owing to the production of millions that allows the businesses benefit from economies of scale, a thing that is not possible when dealing with the disabled market. The other reason for the lack of competition in the disabled clothing market is the need for modifications tailored for different disabled people further reducing the economies of scale, as it would require different designs and modifications for different facets of the disabled people in the community (Smith, September 3, 2012). The low competition in the disabled clothing market is evidenced by the call for inclusion by Christine Shaw, CEO Disabled Living Foundati on. She lamented the lack of enough clothes for people using wheelchairs and those with restricted movements (Burton, May 22, 2012). The Office for Disability issues stated that the disabled people make up to 20% of a business

Interview a job analyst- HR staff member Assignment

Interview a job analyst- HR staff member - Assignment Example This paper is therefore based on the interview between myself and the hospital job analyst to ascertain the type of job evaluation system they use and those who conduct the evaluation. Job evaluation is meant to rank jobs according to their relative worth in order to assign an equitable pay packages. However, the type of job evaluation systems used differ from one organizes to the next according to job evaluation analyst According to the hospital job analyst, evaluation of jobs is done using quantitative systems, since the hospital is complex and has many jobs done within it. They therefore use the following quantitative systems to evaluate their jobs: Under this method, they award points to different jobs based on the degree to which the job possess the compensable factors in comparison with the objective standards set for any particular job. In this case, different points are assigned to the jobs depending on the level of education required e.g. PHD or degree level, where those that require PHD level of education are assigned higher points compared to those that require only degree level. Similarly, different points are also awarded on the job depending on the nature and complexity of the job like the surgeons, which require high mental demands, will be assigned high point in ranking. This ensures that the right remuneration package is awarded depending on the number of points a job has. According to the analyst, this method has the advantage that the system can remain in operation for a long period of time before it is changed and it is also objective compared to other systems (Solomon, 1947) Factor comparison is also another system they use in the hospital to evaluate the different jobs. He however explains that this method is not so often used. Under this method of job evaluation, compensable factors are identified in determining

The Problem of Pain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Problem of Pain - Assignment Example Additionally, I employed cognitive behavior therapy. Through the therapy, I often busied my mind with other unrelated psychological activities and avoided discussion of the accident. This way, my mind avoided the pain thereby lessening the intensity (Main, Sullivan & Watson, 2008). A different culture would have approached the pain management differently. I remember my father encouraging me not to cry since male children should not always cry. Apparently, my culture viewed crying as a sign of weakness and men are not weak. I believe the effects of the pain could have been different if it were on my sister. She is younger than me, is a girl and often engages in numerous house chores alongside my mother. I believe she could have cried longer and could have found it difficult to engage her mind on other phenomena besides the traumatizing pain a feature that could have limited the success of cognitive behavior therapy (Hughes, 2008). Main, C. J., Sullivan, M. J. L., & Watson, P. J. (2008).  Pain management: Practical applications of the biopsychosocial perspective in clinical and occupational settings. Edinburgh: Churchill

Second Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example It is important to highlight that his paper delves into the discussion of Second Language Acquisition (SLA). In this, what comes out so clearly is that the second language is not that easy to speak owing to the new nature of the language to the person. In the paper, therefore, it can be easily noted that the audience are twenty five Greek Cypriots students who are from different departments and they are addressed in a foreign language. This therefore gives the problem that arises here now is that the students are to learn the Turkish language to enable them to communicate effectively for proper understanding (Dà ¶rnyei, 2003). The problem that therefore arises is that there is no common medium of communication in regards to the difference in language and therefore the acquisition of the second language for the communication and proper understanding to be very effective (Dà ¶rnyei and Zoltà ¡n 2003). One major factor that needs to be accepted and owned is that when it comes to the learning of the second language or foreign language, processes that are undergone while learning the language and the persons who are engaged in the learning of this kind of language are very much essential (VanPatten, and Alessandro, 2010). The social condition arises to difficult in second language acquisition due to various situations that students find themselves in (Dà ¶rnyei and Zoltà ¡n 2003). Learners typically interact with other learners and some speakers of the target language are affected by through this process. Particular utterances, moves, and verbal exchange are the ones that determine the learners’ caption of the second language acquisition during learning (Horwitz, Elaine K., Michael B., and Joann C., 1986). In such cases, hearing can be learned in a different way opposite to understanding what has been said.

What Is Mento Essay Example for Free

What Is Mento Essay Mento is a distinct style of Jamaican music that emerged in the early 1900s and is not to be confused with Jamaican calypso. Mento, much like other Caribbean folk music, is a blending of African rhythms, Latin rhythms, and Anglo folksongs. Mento draws its traditions from African slaves brought to Jamaica and some European folk culture. Slaves were sometimes made to play music, singing European folk songs which largely influenced the development of Mento. Inevitably, the slaves would infuse their own traditions with the music and it became common practice to sing Mento songs about social lives of the people. In Jamaica, Mento is sometimes referred to as country music, because of it light hearted and simplistic lyrics as well as the omitting of electric instruments. A Mento band typically consists of a banjo, an acoustic guitar, hand drums and rumba box and is characterized by a 3:3:2 rhythms with an emphasis on the fourth beat in each bar. Mento came to real prominence in the 1940s and 1950s before being displaced by ska, rock steady and reggae. It wasnt until the early 1950s that true Mento recordings first began to appear on 78 RPM discs. This decade was mento’s golden age, as a variety of artists recorded Mento songs in an assortment of rhythms and styles. It was the peak of mentos creativity and popularity in Jamaica and the birth of Jamaicas recording industry. These recordings reveal Mento to be a diverse musical genre, sometimes played with reckless abandon and other times with orderly precision. In addition to mentos African and European roots, by this time, it had also encompassed pan-Caribbean influences, as well as from American jazz. Although it was informed by a world of music, mento is clearly, uniquely Jamaican. And as Jamaicas original music, all other Jamaican music can trace its roots to mento . Mento is still listened to in Jamaica today, but mostly be heard in tourist destinations. Early recordings of traditional mento are difficult to find. Some early mento practioners were Slim and Slam, Count Lasher and Everard Williams.

The key issues surrounding contemporary immigration

The key issues surrounding contemporary immigration The subject of immigration has become increasingly important over the past decade. Immigration has always raised questions about positive and negative effects on the native population. Nowadays inhabitants are more and more afraid about losing control over their own country and losing typical historical values. As (Weiner, 1996) wrote: â€Å" the consequences of opening the borders of a country in extreme situations can be erosion of the institutions and values that liberal societies have created for themselves and which make them attractive to outsiders†. This essay will therefore discuss key issues of immigration into the United Kingdom such as economic issues, including employment, society and social issues such as crime, integration and racism. It has been argued that immigrants play an important role to develop the economy by taking certain low paid jobs which the native population decline to take. Examples could include jobs in the construction industry, catering and domestic services. Moreover immigrants compensate skill shortages in the United Kingdom. They take jobs in the health service such as nurses and doctors. Not surprisingly 30% of doctors and more than 10% of nurses working in national health services and private companies are non-UK born. Other jobs being filled with overseas staff include teaching and jobs in the IT industry. Due to a shortage of trained IT staff, a further 50,000 people need to be recruited by the end of 2009 to make up the gap of unskilled workforce (Glover, 2001). The British government therefore runs a number of different programmes like the work permit system and the highly skilled migrant programme to animate agencies and companies to recruit highly skilled workers from outside the Euro pean Economic Area (McLaughlan and Salt, 2002). However there are fears that if immigrants integrate into the employment market, they may become a competition for native employees. More people are applying for fewer jobs which may lead to rising tension between natives and immigrants (Angenendt, 1999). When an immigrant takes up a job, be it low paid or high skilled, he will then possibly send a substantial part of his wages back to his home country. The domestic British economy loses a considerable amount of money this way which might be, even if only lightly, damaging. An increasing number of immigrants looking for low skilled jobs results in more difficulties for natives to obtain a job and may diminish the wages they can get (Coleman, 2004). Further research shows that more needs to be done to control immigration in order to avoid competition between natives and immigrants and to fill those jobs that cant be filled with natives because of a lag of skill. It is suggested by Angenendt(1999) that one of the key issues of immigration after unemployment, that the United Kingdom faced today, is crime. Tackling Fraud including both ‘people trafficking, where someone is brought to the United Kingdom, and ‘people smuggling where someone is transport to international borders to a non-official entry point for different reasons. This organised immigration crime is a growth industry and cost the United Kingdom millions of pounds each year (Secure Borders, Safe Haven: Integration with Diversity in Modern Britain, 2002). Smugglers are often paid huge amounts of money to bring refugees, who are trying to escape prosecution, hunger or poverty, into the United Kingdom. However, the British government has taken many steps to prevent the growth and to fight trafficking, including the strengthening of the law and the use of new technologies to identify illegal entrance into the United Kingdom (Fekete, 2009). Unfortunately those actions make d esperate people turn to smugglers. The way refugees are being treated by the smugglers led to death by poison, suffocation and hypothermia. How careless and ruthless traffickers are, was sadly shown by the 58 Chinese who suffocated in the back of a refrigerated lorry which was trying to enter the United Kingdom in Dover (Fekete, 2009). The next important issue is crime committed by foreigners and racism. Due to cultural differences and often simply habits, many immigrants misbehave or break the law. They carry knifes because they used to do that in the country of origin and now keep on doing it. In the time between 2003 and 2004 the arrests made for drink driving rose from 57 to 966 in the county of Cambridgeshire. All of the arrested people were of a foreign nationality (Attewill, page 1 2007). The capital London has also seen an increase in the crimes committed. There has been a 35% rise in the total number of crimes committed by Poles in the time between January and June 2007, compared to the same period a year earlier. In the first half year of 2007 Jamaicans committed 28 sex offences followed by Indians,27 and Pakistani, 25 (Harper and Leapman, page 1, 2007). To stop organised crime the government has formed a new elite squad of investigators. The UK-wide Serious Organised Crime Agency will use world-class hi-tech,-financial experts and 21th century technology to track down Crime bosses and prevent them from drug trafficking, people smuggling, fraud and money laundering (Homeoffice press release, 2004). The metropolitan police announced the arrest of two people on suspicion of murder of a 15-year old teenager in January 2009. The coloured teenager who has been identified as Steven Lewis was stabbed to death in Londons East end (Telegraph.co.uk, 2009). Refugee-Week is a UK-wide program of educational and cultural events to celebrate the contributions of refugees to the United Kingdom. Events like this aim at a better understanding between communities so that attacks on foreign people, such as the attacks on Romanians and Roma in Belfast in the first half of 2009, will not happen again (Leicester Mercury, 2009). The few people that are actu ally willing to help the victims of racism and discrimination are often attacked themselves. Paddy Meehan received a death threat after he was trying to help his neighbours in the aftermath of the racial attack against his Romanian nearby-residents. Mr Meehan gives a good example and sad he will not give up on helping those targeted by racism (BelfastTelegraph, 2009). A better education of the culture of the host country and greater tolerance from the natives for foreign cultures are the right steps on the way forward to reduce immigrant related crimes. The large number of immigrants coming into the United Kingdom is bringing their own background and different culture, as discussed earlier. So does immigration imply integration? In order to speed up integration the immigrant should have knowledge of the language spoken in the country he is entering. Reading and writing skills enable access to the labour market and educational systems (Voicu,2009). On the other hand inhabitants of the host country need to show tolerance and openness, an understanding of the advantages and challenges that go along with a multicultural society. Traditions and cultures need to be respected by both, the natives and the immigrants. Both should have a basic knowledge of each others culture and habits in order to avoid confrontations, misunderstandings and to make life in a community easier and more enjoyable (Voicu,2009). Unfortunately building a community that includes both, natives and immigrants, isnt easy. The large scale in which migrants have come to the United Kingdom in the last two decades often led to the existence of communities with the same previous cultural identity. The resulting separation of natives and immigrants, so called ‘ghettoisation is regarded as threatening by many native Britons. The extend of ‘ghettoisation is so big that many parts of the United Kingdom are seen as exclusively ‘owned by immigrant communities. Ethnic segregation is also transferred into the classroom. In the London borough of Tower Hamlets, 17 schools had more than 90 per cent Bangladeshi pupils. This separation clearly did not result from the school choice of the parents but from the residential segregation (Buofino, 2007). A greater tolerance, open mind and interest in other cultures as well as the knowledge of different languages would mean a big step forward to the complete integration of immigrants into the British Society. The institutions, values and a thriving economy always made the United Kingdom an attractive country for outsiders. Only in the last decade, with opening its borders, a sharp increase in the number of migrants was noticeable. The impact and effects this immigration has on the employment market, levels of crime and racism was therefore discussed in this essay. Outlining the achievements and work that has been done to integrate the migrants, as well as stating shortcomings in the integration process, leaves no question that yet more needs to be done to fully engage the immigrants into the British society. Bibliography Abdelmalek, S. (2004). The Suffering of the Immigrant. Cambridge: Polity Press Ltd. Angenendt, S. (1999). Asylum and Migration Policies in the European Union. Bonn: Europa Union Verlag. Attewill, F. (2007, September 19). Increased Immigration boosts knife crime and drink driving [Electronic version]. The Guardian. Retrieved November 20, 2009, from Guardian website: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/19/immigration.immigrationandpublicservices Buonfino, A. (2007). Rethinking Immigration and Integration: a New Centre-Left Agenda. London: Policy Network. Coleman, D Rowthhorn, R. (2004, December). The Economic Effects of Immigration into United Kingdom. Population and Development Review, 30(4), 579-624. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from JSTOR database. Fekete, L. (2009). A Suitable Enemy: Racism, Migration and Islamophobia in Europe. London: Pluto Press. Glover, S. (2001). Migration: an economic and social analysis (Home Office Research Study 67).London: Home Office. Great Britain. Home Office. (2002). Secure Borders, Safe Haven. Norwich: HMSO. Great Britain. Home Office. (2004). New UK-Wide Organised Crime Agency Pooling Expertise To Track Down The Crime Bosses. London: HSMO. Harper, T. Leapman, B. (2007, September 23). Foreigners commit fifth of crime in London [Electronic version]. The Telegraph. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from Telegraph website: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1563890/Foreigners-commit-fifth-of-crime-in-London.html London stabbing victim named locally as 15-year-old Steven Lewis. (2009, January 25). [Electronic version]. The Telegraph. Retrieved November 23, 2009, from Telegraph website: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/lawandorder/4337459/London-stabbing-victim-named-locally-as-15-year-old-Steven-Lewis.html McCreary, M Smyth, L. (2009, August 18). Anti-racism campaigner receives firebomb threat. Belfast Telegraph, p. 12. Retrieved November 15, 2009, from the Nexis UK database. McLaughlan, G. Salt, J. (2002). Migration Policies toward Highly Skilled Foreign Workers (Report to the Home Office). Retrieved November 14, 2009, from the UK Home Office website: www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/migrationpolicies.pdf Voicu, A. (2009). Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 9(2). Retrieved November 20, 2009, from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1420055 Weiner, M. (1996). Ethics, national sovereignty and the control of immigration. International Migration Review, 30(1), 171-197 Self reflection on essay writing I have been asked to write an essay of about 1500 words. There were a number of titles to choose from. After careful consideration I decided to write about the ‘key issues surrounding contemporary immigration in a country of your choice. As I am an immigrant myself I decided to write about the immigration into The United Kingdom. Using the Portsmouth University Library, the libraries online databases and Journals as well as online newspaper articles I quickly found lots of sources and interesting materials to read and choose from. The most important issues for me, when talking about immigration, are employment crime and integration. Considering these core issues I filtered my sources. Even though the sources were plentiful I sometimes found it difficult to find this one specific paragraph that I needed to support the knowledge about immigration that I already had. Having heard, read and experienced what it feels like to be an immigrant myself I could quit easily find myself in many of the situations that the newspapers and books described. Taking this and the facts that I received from the materials found, I then tried to put everything into an engaging piece of work that would be enjoyable and interesting to read. Considering that this was my first essay and the first in a foreign language, I hope I didnt do too badly. Surely I learned a lot and will try to further improve the next essays that I will write.

Thalassemia Effects on Pregnancy

Thalassemia Effects on Pregnancy Thalassemia is the most common hereditary disease in Iran and more than 2 million carriers of the thalassemia mutant gene are living in this country. Material methods: In this retrospective, case-control study, all pregnancies occurred between 2006 and 2008 were included. Patients were divided in two groups regarding the presence of ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia. Patients in case and control groups were matched according to maternal age, gestational age and number of previous pregnancies. Cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor were recorded in each group and were compared using the à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 or Fisher exact tests. Results: Overall 510 ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia subjects and 512 healthy controls were studied. cases with ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia had significantly higher prevalence of oligohydramnios (P Conclusion: ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia does not influence the pregnancy outcome in the negative way significantly. Keywords: Minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia, Pregnancy outcome, Gestational diabetes mellitus Oligohydramnios Introduction The prevalence and severity of the thalassemia syndromes are population dependent.(1) Thalassemia minor results in a variable degree of the disease but, depending on the rate of ÃŽÂ ²-chain production, usually presents as asymptomatic anemia of mild degree(2) ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia is the most common hereditary disease in Iran and more than 2 million carriers of the ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia mutant gene are living in this country. About 110 mutant genes have been recognized all over the world of which 21 have been identified in the Iranian population. The mutant genes and their frequencies vary greatly in different parts of Iran Prevalence of ÃŽÂ ² thalassemia minor among Iranian is about 7%. (3) ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia minor represents the heterozygous state. In general, a heterozygote for thalassemia is diagnosed owing to the patient presenting with a mild anemia (hemoglobin A level 1 or 2 g below normal range), low mean cell volume, low mean corpuscular hemoglobin, elevated hemoglobin A2, and normal or elevated hemoglobin F. During pregnancy, women with thalassemia minor will often show more significant anemia, which is often most prominent during the latter half of the second trimester and early third(4,5,6,7). Thalassemia syndromes constitute a group of inherited hemoglobinopathies that require close maternal and fetal surveillance during pregnancy, including appropriate consultation with maternal fetal medicine and hematology specialists. Even for the women who are asymptomatic before pregnancy the added stresses of pregnancy on the hematopoietic system can cause deterioration of maternal status. Health care providers must appreciate that the more severe the thalassemia syndrome the more significant the consequences for both woman and fetus.(4) The impaired globin synthesis impairs oxygen transport and delivery to tissues, placental bed, and fetus because of limited hemoglobin-oxygen binding. Furthermore, in more severe disease states, the accumulation of iron stores in vital maternal organ systems can lead to chronic organ dysfunction, such as cardiomyopathy and diabetes. These women must be monitored closely for worsening anemia and the development of pregnancy-associated complications (8). Because of high prevalence of ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia in Iran and its possible effects on pregnancy outcome and limited study about this problem. we performed this retrospective case-control study to investigate pregnancy outcome of patients with minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia referring to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between 2006 and 2009. These results can alert health care providers to take more care about ÃŽÂ ² thalassemia and pregnancy. Methods and material: This study was a case-control one which included all the pregnancies (7290) referring to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between 2006 and 2008. The patients were divided into two groups regarding the presence of ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia. Patients in case and control groups were matched according to maternal age, gestational age and number of previous pregnancies. The study was approved by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences ethical committee and all the patients gave their written consents. The data was collected by a means of a questionnaire. Overall 510 ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia subjects and 512 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Only women with singleton pregnancy were included. Patient with recurrent abortions (2 or more consecutive pregnancies resulting in spontaneous abortion), history of neural tube defect in previous pregnancies, history of infertility, history of any medical problem, undelivered in this center or mean follow-up visits less than thr ee times were excluded. Follow-up intervals in case and control groups were similar. Gestational age was calculated from the first day of last menstrual period or according to the sonography which was performed in the first months of pregnancy. Anemia was determined on the basis of hemoglobin less than 10 mg/dl. Anemia evaluation was performed in all the cases. Complete blood count (CBC), Iron studies (iron, total iron binding capacity) were performed for excluding iron deficiency anemia and the anemia of chronic disorders. Thalassemia was diagnosed according to CBC and standard hemoglobin electrophoresis criteria in the first trimester: an elevation of Hb A2 (equal or more than 3.5%) demonstrated by electrophoresis and column chromatography confirms the diagnosis of ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia trait. Blood transfusions were given only when hemoglobin (Hb) dropped significantly (less than 7mg/dl)either due to pregnancy or any other causes. Hemoglobin increased at least to 10 mg/dl with transfusion.(According ACOG criteria(9) Folate supplement in each group (case control) w as given 1mg orally daily. In the study period each patient was evaluated for maternal age, parity, gestational age, maternal anemia during pregnancy (hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL) and birth weight. Poor pregnancy outcomes or complications included hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes (rupture of membrane under 37 weeks gestational age ) and preterm labor.(labor pain under 37 weaks of gestational age) Hydramnios (amniotic fluid index more than 24 cm), oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index 5 cm or less) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (when intrauterine growth under 10% by serial sonography especially in third trimester of pregnancy)were also evaluated using sonography in the third trimester. Labor and perinatal outcome included placental abruption, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cesarean delivery, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes less than 7, perinatal mortality, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal packed-cell transfusions, neonatal ICU admission. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS package. Statistical significance was calculated by using the à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 or Fisher exact test. A multivariate logistic regression model, with backward elimination, was constructed to find independent risk factors associated with maternal ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia minor. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. A value of P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We recorded 510 alive-births and 7 (1.4 %) stillbirths in case and 512 alive births and 5 (1%) stillbirths in control group. The Hb A2 level in our cases usually was approximately 4-6%. Baseline characteristics of subjects in two study groups are shown in Table 1. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups regarding these baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference between these groups regarding pregnancy hypertension and gestational DM (Table 2). Polyhydramnios (AFI>24cm) was observed in 1.4% of cases and 1.9% of control group while oligohydramnios was observed in 10.8% of case and 5.4% of control group (P=0.001, Table 2). Regarding the perinatal complications, 3.1% of case group and 1.5% of control group developed IUGR (P=0.073). Cesarean delivery was significantly more common in case group than control group (38.3% vs 26.5%; P=0.001, Table 3). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding the Apgar score in 1st (P = 0.65) and 5th minute (P = 0.25), ICU admissions (P = 0.17) and placental abruption (P = 0.42). Using a multiple logistic regression model of risk factors for minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia, oligohydramnios, placental abruption and meconium-stained amniotic fluid were significantly associated with cesarean delivery (Table 4). Conclusion Thalassemia syndrome is very common in Iranian population. This case-control study was performed on patients with minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes and describe most risk factors associated with ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia minor during pregnancy. This study consisting 517 minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia subjects is one of the biggest studies of its kind in Iran. Perinatal mortality (P=0.38) and Apgar score at 1min (P=0.65) and 5 min (P=0.25) after delivery were similar in patients with and without minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia minor. This is consistent with previous studies (9-13). Thalassemia has been associated with an increased incidence of obstetrical complications (14). Adverse pregnancies outcomes detected in these case series, especially low birth weight (Wt Chronic maternal anemia during gestation might lead to fetal hypoxia, predisposing the fetus to IUGR (1,14). Thus, it was suggested that hemoglobin concentration should be maintained above 10 g/dL during these pregnancies (15). No significant association was found between hemoglobin levels and IUGR among thalassemic women in Eyal Sheiner and colleagues study and suggested that a different mechanism is responsible for IUGR in thalassemia minor patients (16). At least one study showed acute splenic infarct in ÃŽÂ ² thalassemia minor .(18).this mechanism may cause placental infarction but this theory needs further study to be approve. In another study all adhesion molecules and CRP (C-reactive protein) increased in patients with thalassemia intermediate (19) .so this molecules and inflammation may cause placental insufficiency in ÃŽÂ ² thalassemia minor but more study is neede Sheiner and associates (2004) reported that oligohydramnios were increased twofold in 261 affected women. In our study oligohydramnios was found in 10.8% of case and 5.4% of control group (P We found no statistically significant difference in the pregnancy outcome, preterm delivery, birth weight, growth restriction, pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes between thalassemic and non thalassemic patients. All studies investigating pregnancy outcome of patients with ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia found higher rates of cesarean delivery (11,14,15,17). Likewise, in our study we found significantly higher rates of cesarean delivery. By using a multiple logistic regression model of risk factors for minor thalassemia, the following conditions were significantly associated with cesarean delivery: oligohydramnios, abruption and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. However, IUGR was not statistically independent risk factor for cesarean delivery, unlike previous study that cesarean birth due to fetal distress related to fetal growth restriction (13). In conclusion, Hemoglobinopathies can be associated with a variety of effects on the mother, fetus or newborn. The effects range from absence of clinical disease to severe morbidity and death. Through the obstetrician-gynecologists high index of suspicion based on clinical history and a close working relationship with a consultant hematologist, pregnancy outcome in patients with these disorders can be improved. Since most hemoglobinopathies are inherited as autosomal recessive conditions, screening, counseling, and prenatal diagnosis are important components of prenatal care for these women. Thalassemia syndrome, including minor ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia during pregnancy can present unique management challenges and requires close maternal and fetal surveillance. The course of pregnancy of patients with ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia minor, including perinatal outcomes, is favorable. In spite of an attempt to keep hemoglobin levels above 7.0  g/dl, the incidence of fetal growth restriction and preterm birth has been relatively high, though maternal complications are rather not different from general. Care for such pregnancies should be multidisciplinary, incorporating a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, a genetic counselor, and a hematologist. However, since fetal growth restriction complicates more pregnancies with thalassemia syndrome, the need for close antenatal follow-up and frequent sonograp hic assessment of fetal growth can be overemphasized. Further prospective studies among high-risk populations for ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia with larger sampling should investigate the efficacy of such surveillance programs. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends screening for ÃŽÂ ²-thalassemia in couples of Mediterranean ancestry. We might miss some pregnant ladies with minor thalassemia and normal hemoglobin who were included in control group.

Admissions Essay - Providing Medical Assistance to the Homeless

Admissions Essay - Providing Medical Assistance to the Homeless    For me, the journey from child to medical school applicant has not been typical. It began on the damp side of a Washington bridge, where I lived when I was fourteen years old. What sparked my interest in medicine was the role I came to play among the homeless with whom I lived. It soon became apparent that I had certain knowledge that my peers lacked: Knowledge of the nature of infection and basic principles of hygiene. When Pat, a middle-aged transient with matted hair and a solemn disposition, arrived at the bridge one day, he could barely walk without assistance. Complaining that his feet hurt terribly, I removed his shoes. His socks had almost completely adhered to the skin of his feet, due to a long period of wear in his damp, poorly ventilated shoes. After a long, painful process of peeling off his socks, I immediately saw what was affecting Pat’s gait: his feet were pale and severely swollen, with spots of breakdown due to lack of circulation. He simply didn’t re alize his feet needed ventilation. For almost two weeks, ... ... tutoring, advising, and volunteer opportunities, I have developed a strong sense of leadership, confidence, and responsibility. A career in medicine will not only strengthen such attributes, but provide me with an ongoing opportunity to learn, not just from books, but also from patients; and to educate and serve those individuals as well. Though my journey began under dismal circumstances, I believe those experiences will specifically enable me to better understand quality of life issues in the under-served populations of my geographic region.   

Is Communication Doomed? :: essays research papers

It is essential that everyone is capable of reading, writing, and communicating in an articulate and organized manner. Unfortunately, many American students lack the necessary skills needed for effective communication. It is contradictory that there are so many illiterate students in this current age that many define as 'the age of the information superhighway.' It seems as though many of America's students are unaware of the importance of communication and literacy. Clear and effective language use is a most important and practical utility; it is the vehicle we use to convey information. An 'information superhighway' without vehicles is futile. Without effective language utilization, it is impossible to convey thoughts, emotions, and feelings. Students must have the capacity to absorb and convey information to, at least a minimal level. The meters of literacy magnitude are standardized tests Diane Ravitch writes of "poor verbal scores" and "de-emphasis on careful reading and writing" in Forbes magazine. Standardized test scores are not showing strong enough verbal skills. The latter is an indicator that more emphasis should be placed on language skill development at an earlier period in the education process. Language is the basis of any education. Whether one wishes to pursue a study in literature or science, language arts are indispensable. It is impossible for one to present a lab report or to comprehend a calculus text if he/she is unable to achieve literary discipline. Those who are able to dynamically utilize their literary skills have a plethora of information available to them. They can employ such resources as libraries and the Internet. Therefore, it is essential that, to take advantage of all available resources, one must have a solid foundation consisting of literary knowledge.The most fundamental form of communication is speech. After one's methods of speech are developed, it is then possible to migrate to more sophisticated areas of communication. It is relatively easy to communicate in America. Many people live in countries where there are dozens of dialects. Communication can be chaotic in countries such as China. Americans who are My communication skills are articulate. In my essays, I practice careful grammar and syntax. To achieve dynamic communication skills, I devote much time and patience to reading as much as I possibly can. Exposure to as much literature as possible can only amplify ones literary skills. Many students consider reading a novel or analyzing a literary work as a tedious and monotonous task. Is Communication Doomed? :: essays research papers It is essential that everyone is capable of reading, writing, and communicating in an articulate and organized manner. Unfortunately, many American students lack the necessary skills needed for effective communication. It is contradictory that there are so many illiterate students in this current age that many define as 'the age of the information superhighway.' It seems as though many of America's students are unaware of the importance of communication and literacy. Clear and effective language use is a most important and practical utility; it is the vehicle we use to convey information. An 'information superhighway' without vehicles is futile. Without effective language utilization, it is impossible to convey thoughts, emotions, and feelings. Students must have the capacity to absorb and convey information to, at least a minimal level. The meters of literacy magnitude are standardized tests Diane Ravitch writes of "poor verbal scores" and "de-emphasis on careful reading and writing" in Forbes magazine. Standardized test scores are not showing strong enough verbal skills. The latter is an indicator that more emphasis should be placed on language skill development at an earlier period in the education process. Language is the basis of any education. Whether one wishes to pursue a study in literature or science, language arts are indispensable. It is impossible for one to present a lab report or to comprehend a calculus text if he/she is unable to achieve literary discipline. Those who are able to dynamically utilize their literary skills have a plethora of information available to them. They can employ such resources as libraries and the Internet. Therefore, it is essential that, to take advantage of all available resources, one must have a solid foundation consisting of literary knowledge.The most fundamental form of communication is speech. After one's methods of speech are developed, it is then possible to migrate to more sophisticated areas of communication. It is relatively easy to communicate in America. Many people live in countries where there are dozens of dialects. Communication can be chaotic in countries such as China. Americans who are My communication skills are articulate. In my essays, I practice careful grammar and syntax. To achieve dynamic communication skills, I devote much time and patience to reading as much as I possibly can. Exposure to as much literature as possible can only amplify ones literary skills. Many students consider reading a novel or analyzing a literary work as a tedious and monotonous task.

Buried Child Essay -- essays research papers

It’s amazing what a secret can do to a person. Keeping secrets among friends can be fun, or helpful when you need to confide in someone you trust. Other secrets can do more harm than good. They can fester inside you and cause endless pain. In "Buried Child," this is the case. The family is permanently altered by their secret, which becomes a growing moral cancer to them, leaving each impotent in their own way. The play takes place on Dodge’s farm. About thirty years ago, the farm was fertile and prosperous. Dodge and Halie didn’t have a wonderful marriage, however. Things took a turn for the worse when Halie became pregnant with someone else. It is suggested that Tilden is the father. The evidence to support this includes the fact that the baby was small, and that Tilden would sing to it and take it for long walks all day, just talking to it and treating it as his own. "Tilden was the one who knew. Better than any of us. He’d walk for miles with that kid in his arms. Halie let him take it. All night sometimes." (p. 124) Dodge would not allow this abomination to grow up and live in his family, so he drowned it, and buried it in the backyard. We can guess that this is when the farm ceased to be fertile, and fell into disuse. This is a symbol of the death of honesty and the birth of the family’s terrible secret. Why exactly does everything go wrong for this family? We don’t know exactly when the problems started, but we know that Ansel died on his honeymoon, Bradley cut off his own leg in a chain saw accident and is now mentally imbalanced, Tilden is nonfunctional and has been driven out of New Mexico, Dodge is a crazy old sick guy, and Halie is doing shady things with the preacher. Vince is the only person capable of facing the world and life, but he too is corrupted by the secret at the end. The answer to the question is that their secret, the dead child, is a secret festering them from the inside out. It is unclear how long this moral degradation took, it may have taken years for all this to happen. We do know that it has left everyone impotent. Bradley is the most vivid example of this impotence. His false leg is his crutch, both figuratively and literally. With it, he has the most power of any of the people in the play. He maims and shaves Dodge with no repercussions, intimidates Tilden to the point of making him... ...t the secret out, like the only thing that was keeping him alive was protecting the secret from outside view. Shelley leaves because she is an outsider and has no part of the corruption. It is interesting to note that no one remembers Vince until he is acting as crazy as the rest of the family. He is the only one who is capable of dealing with life outside the house. It is unclear whether or not he is different because the brunt of the degradation happened to the family within the six years since his last visit, or if the act of leaving and forcing himself to live away from the secret changed him. He had no knowledge of the buried child until it was revealed, but the problems of his family members could easily have been passed on to him subconsciously by everyone else. Their actions could have had a profound effect on the way he thinks and acts. It is when Vince is accepted back into that family that Shelly realizes there is no hope for this family. They are lost. She then leaves them all to their permanent insanity. This shows that even though the secret was finally brought out into the open, it was too little too late. A terrible secret kept that long can tear a person apart.

Auto Mechanics

Corey Bishop Contemporary Literature Informative – Persuasive Research Paper 22 May 13 Auto Mechanic Career One of the biggest needs on the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe reservation is a used car dealership, on top of that a certified Automotive mechanic that can fix those cars what money that will be made on the reservation will stay on the reservation. What I know about this automobile mechanic is it could get complicated at times such as wrong parts and tight squeezes you got to be physically in shape you have to be strong, in order to lift and turn things and not only physical things.But you have to be smart because automotive technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated some employers prefer service technicians who have completed a formal training program In a post secondary institution . industry certification is usually required once the person is employed How to become a automotive technician according to the bureau of labor statistics occupational outlook handbook, auto motive service technicians and mechanics education. High school courses in automotive repair electronics, computers, mathematics, and English provide a good background for prospective service technicians.However, high school graduates often need further training to become fully qualified. Completing a vocational or other post secondary training program in automotive service technology is considered the best preparation for entry – level positions. The programs last about 6 months to a year and provide intensive career preparation through classroom instruction and hands-on practice short-term certificate programs in a particular skill are also available training – most of the technicians must complete on the job training often is part a formal education program.Internet â€Å"article title† automobile service technicians & mechanics Name of source: Bureau of labor statistics Access date: 3-21-13 URL or Internet address: http://www. bls. gov Internet ‘Articl e title† Automotive technology Name of source: united tribes technical college # pages printed: 2 Access date: 3/21/13 URL or Internet address: http://www. uttc. edu

Teaching With Affection Teacher Student Relationship Education Essay

The affectional sphere and the emotional factors that influence in the learning procedure of a pupil have been of involvement in the field of linguistic communication instruction for a figure of old ages. However, the focal point of this research is how learning with fondness by portion of instructors can bring forth a positive impact in the studentA?s larning procedure. Several pieces of research have demonstrated that learning with fondness has a positive impact on the studentA?s larning procedure. In fact the affectional relationship between the kid and the instructor has an huge impact for promoting the childrenA?s societal version and rational success at school. These thoughts are non new because a figure of research workers have stated learning with fondness encourages a positive development in the pupils through high degrees of heat and communicating. The end of this research paper is depicting how a methodological analysis based on learning with fondness can hold a positive impact in the studentA?s larning procedure in a 2nd linguistic communication. With the purpose of bash this, the research is traveling to specify what fondness and learning with fondness is, and is traveling to distinguish it from other methodological analysiss. Peoples who believed in this new methodological analysis as portion of the instruction procedure are precursors of a teaching method based on love ; hence, they need to be named as they finds and chief decisions. Internal as external factors are presented in scholars and it is indispensable have knowledge of them in order to avoid the negatives and increase the positives. Therefore, the teacher-student relationship can be understood in a better manner every bit good as the several advantages as for pupils as instructors within the school and household context. The usage of love and fondness through act ivities that are concerned in the affectional side of scholars alternatively the cognitive ; and the individual alternatively of the subject are cardinal for the pupil ‘s larning procedure in a 2nd linguistic communication. Teaching is non an easy work ; it demands clip, forbearance, attempt, and cognition. But, even though some instructors have all these constituents they do non obtain good consequences with their pupils. It was this issue that caught my attending and interested me for look intoing in a elaborate manner. It was in this manner that seeking information added to my old cognition I found the fondness given by instructors is important in the studentA?s larning procedure. The affectional relationship between person who is in charge of another has a positive impact in his/her societal and personal development. In this instance the relationship would be between the instructor in charge of the category and the pupil ; hence, such relationship would be like a parent and a kid. This connexion is rather similar to the instance of a female parent and her newborn babe. If the babe receives adequate love and fondness he will turn up healthier, he will be able to accommodate to different contexts in a better manner, and he will hold a good physical, societal, personal, and cognitive development in his life. In contrast, if this babe does non have fondness he will non hold the footing for a good development which will trip many disadvantages for his life, for that ground Ainsworth, Bowlby, Cassidy, Weinfield, Sroufe, Egeland ( 1969/1999 ) quoted by Maldonado ( 2006 ) , stated: The affectional relationship theoretical account established between the kid and the defender in a household context will go the footing of his or her socialisation procedure and the manner he or she adapts in other contexts ( for illustration, school ) ( p.2 ) Through this illustration it is possible to associate the affectional relationship between a instructor and a pupil because the fondness given by a instructor can do large alterations in the life of a kid as in the academic success as in his/her full life. Nevertheless most of the times are mentioned constructs like affectional relationship, learning with fondness, affectional interaction, but what affect means. The term affect has to make with facets of our emotional being ( Arnold, 1999 ) and in our currant yearss it can be considered as facets of emotion, feeling, attitude, and temper. Therefore, the map in which the affective sphere is portion in the acquisition procedure is cardinal for making a holistic manner to learn. Cognition used to be the most of import point for acquisition ; but today the combination of knowledge and fondness has increased the possibility of an integrative attack that is non merely concerned about head, but bosom excessively. Ernest Hilgard ( 1963 ) rec ognized acquisition and knowledge specializer states the demand for an integrative attack: â€Å" strictly cognitive theories of acquisition will be rejected unless a function is assigned to affectivity † . As a effect today we can see the knowledge and the fondness as an integrative system, where the combination of both can better the studentA?s behaviour from a comprehensive apprehension of the individual. Besides it creates a better method for larning a 2nd linguistic communication where the interaction between the instructor and the pupil is the indispensable. Interest in affectional factors, and learning through fondness is non something new. Several research workers and authors have investigated about these subjects with the purpose of bettering the manner how instructors teach. Within the most accepted research workers it is possible to call the parts of Pestalozzi, Lozanov, Montessori, Sutherland Neil, Moskowitz and many others. Although some of them did non specifically advert the fondness as a manner to learn in their Hagiographas they implicitly did. One of the precursors of this conceptualisation was Johan Pestalozzi who believed kids needed an emotionally unafraid environment and the schoolroom in bend should be like a household ; hence the classroom must possess the ambiance of a loving household. Another research worker involved in the educational issues and it had a similar overview was Alexander Sutherland Neil who stated that kids must be happy and free ; they must have attention and love for accomplishing self-government and critical thought. MoskowitzA?s thoughts of using humanistic activities with the pupils with the purpose of larning a 2nd linguistic communication were another advanced system for learning in the 20th century. Through the usage of humanistic activities she stated it is possible interrupting the ice and acquiring the pupils speaking about themselves. Such activities are cardinal for pupils who are larning a 2nd linguistic communication due to they experience motivated for pass oning something that truly affairs to them. Those ideas were revolutionists, but at the same clip they were non good seen by everybody. In malice of this, those thoughts for bettering instruction through the affectional and societal development of the pupils had come to new coevalss of instructors. The linguistic communication acquisition is really influenced by some internal factors of scholars which can further or avoid the procedure. Krashen ( 1981 ) established a theory of 2nd linguistic communication acquisition composed by five chief hypotheses. The 5th hypothesis is related to the affectional filter presented when we get a 2nd linguistic communication. He stated pupils with motive, self-esteem, and low degrees of anxiousness are much more likely to be successful in their procedure of geting a 2nd linguistic communication. On the contrary, if pupils have low degree of motive and self-pride and high degree of anxiousness will non be able to come on of course in their 2nd linguistic communication procedure. KrashenA?s hypothesis reaffirms that there are some factors that enable or perplex the possibility scholars get the linguistic communication. One of the most normally and influential factor is motive ; which can be intrinsic and extrinsic that will depend on where comes from. Intrinsic motive that comes from the scholar is important for the development of a 2nd linguistic communication because if you do non experience motivated for making something you are non traveling to make that. The extrinsic motive that comes from external factors appears as a consequence the desire of acquiring a wages or avoiding a penalty. Even though both types of motive are indispensable for prosecuting the pupils in the development of a 2nd linguistic communication, and both are complementary it seems the intrinsic motive is more meaningful for scholars. Chomsky ( 1998 ) quoted by Arnold ( 1999 ) conveyed this issue through this manner â€Å" The truth of the affair is that approximately 99 per centum of instruction is acquiring pupils interested in the stuff † ( p. 30 ) . This duality between intrinsic and extrinsic motive can complement to each other because if there is involvement for acquiring a good grade or winning something ; possibly the pupil is travelin g to be interested in larning more because he/she realizes is good making that. Therefore, from an external motive an internal motive arises. Another factor that negatively affects the learning procedure of a pupil in a 2nd linguistic communication is the anxiousness. The anxiousness is one of the affectional factors that hinder and damage the relationship between the scholar and the procedure of larning a 2nd linguistic communication. This factor is related to pessimistic feelings such as defeat, insecurity, fright, and tenseness which become dulled the teaching-learning procedure. It is non truly clear why this negative factor appears, but in the acquisition of foreign linguistic communications and 2nd languages the anxiousness is one of the factors that provoke more jobs with the pupils. Some research workers believe anxiousness emerges after a individual has been ridiculed by stating something incorrect, for case. Another possibility is the anxiousness comes from the childhood of a pupil ; hence, in that instance the scholar has a rejection for something that took topographic point in the yesteryear. In order to cut do wn the anxiousness instructors can do large attempts for diminishing the high degrees of anxiousness through love and fondness. The teacher-student relationship is cardinal in this facet because they can make environments that make pupils experience comfy in the category. Teachers can advance the self-esteem and assurance of the pupils with high degrees of anxiousness and supplying them chances for take parting in the category. Furthermore, instructors must cut down the competition within the category, they must promote their pupils through the relaxation, laugh, and merriment, and eventually they must advance pupils use positive phrases and larn to believe in themselves ( Arnold, 1999 ) . If instructors follow these straightforward procedures they can do a immense alteration at the minute their pupils face the learning procedure of a 2nd linguistic communication. Although, the involvement for look intoing the affectional relationship is non wholly new, in recent old ages research workers have been concerned in a peculiar type of affectional relationship: the teacher-student affectional relationship. Sundry of surveies have agreed the passage from the household context to the school context concentrating on the elements the kids learn and assimilate from their early relationship theoretical accounts with their basic attention givers, and the transference of these elements to relationships with others ( i.e. their equals ) in a non-familiar context ( Elicker, Englund & A ; Sroufe, 1992 ; Bryant & A ; DeMorris, 1992 ; Dodge, Pettit & A ; Bates, 1994 ) . The function of the instructors in the school in non simply rate the studentA?s public presentation, command the subject, and to be concerned of learning the contents. Teachers besides are disquieted of the personal jobs of the pupils, their demands, and give them love and care when they require it. Therefore, instructors assume the utility function of a female parent, a male parent or a attention giving figure. The positive passage from the household context to school context will depend on the societal and affectional interaction between the kid and his/her instructor. In the first old ages and with the changeless interaction among the kid and his/her parents the kid learns a assortment of accomplishments, outlooks and motives that she/he will convey to other people. These people in the hereafter will be her/his instructors ; the most close people in the school. Pianta et. al accomplished a research in which they discovered a connexion in the security provided by the teacher-student bond and the mother-child bond, so if be a good relationship between the female parent and her kid it will hold a satisfactory fond regard between the instructor and the pupil. The first theoretical accounts kids have in their childhood can forestall negative factors such as unequal behaviour and jobs related to the societal version and success at school. Warmth and fondness occur in the context of day-to-day modus operandis, activities and interactions at the schoolroom. These qualities must be reiterated by portion of instructors due to the thought is pupils experience engaged with what they are larning. Therefore, if they see warmth and fondness in some instances and in other state of affairss they see their instructor is out of control they are non traveling to experience secure for holding a good relationship with their instructor. If there is an emotional environment and instructors willing for working with their pupils and sing their affectional side, non merely the cognitive 1 it can happen tremendous alterations with respect to the studentA?s behaviour and the academic development of them. Harmonizing to Twardosz ( 2005 ) Warmth and fondness contribute to procure relationships between kids and grownups ; supply theoretical accounts of positive, soft behaviour ; are linked with kids ‘s ability to interact positively with equals ; and can assist incorporate withdrawn kids and kids with disablements into the equal group. ( p.2 ) As a consequence learning with fondness provides several advantages for scholars sing their personal and societal development and at the same time contributes to a better relationship between the scholar and her/his instructor. At the minute to larn a 2nd linguistic communication pupils seem to hold some frights which interfere with the development of larning the mark linguistic communication. Factors that were seen before similar deficiency of motive and anxiousness may arouse a distant relationship between the pupils and the 2nd linguistic communication. As instructors do non desire a cold fond regard they must be sensitive and emotional with the procedure to learn a 2nd linguistic communication. A linguistic communication which is non the studentA?s female parent lingua can ensue hard at the beginning, particularly if scholars have had to confront a traumatic experience. ( e.g. , schoolmates ‘ gags ) . Therefore emerged an attack focused in group kineticss with the intent to better the teaching-learning procedure in foreign linguistic communications. Kurt Lewin ( 1945 ) who was coined the term group kineticss to depict the positive and negative forces within groups of people. After this, he was foc used on how group kineticss could be applied to existent universe and societal issues. The theory of group contributes to the apprehension of what happens in the schoolroom and it is potentially fruitful for the linguistic communication learning profession. Teachers who are involved with their pupils and truly desire to advance the teaching-learning procedure of a 2nd linguistic communication should be focused in the group kineticss due to they promote the studentA?s liberty and motive for larning a 2nd linguistic communication. Furthermore, they improve the deficiency of subject among the pupils. This attack is concerned chiefly in what occurs between people and how that affects what goes on inside them. It is recommended instructors who are in charge of a category dedicate clip to their pupils and the group ‘s procedures. Besides, they should utilize warm up activities with the purpose to interrupt the ice at the beginning of a class with pupils who do non cognize to each other. Furthermore, it is of import to advance the relationship among the pupils which will better the schoolroom interaction. This can be accomplished by a assortment of activities through brace and group work ; nevertheless, it is indispensable to set up some norms and regulations agreed antecedently by the pupils. Working with group kineticss have a figure of advantages as pupils as instructors. Therefore, this attack can be successfully used for learning foreign linguistic communications because of the security pupils feel at the minute to larn something new, the different parts they can do as a group of work, and the control of the category instructors can hold when they are in forepart of the category. Harmonizing to all the informations presented it seems the Pedagogy based on love has all the elements required for the betterment on studentA?s larning procedure in a 2nd linguistic communication. Lozanov set up pupils must larn in an emotional and unafraid environment from which they will in the hereafter develop their liberty. This construct is based on the development of the Suggestopedia method, one of his most of import plants. This learning method is a sort of release system where scholars feel free, relax, secure and without force per unit area to larn the mark linguistic communication. It is therefore the method is concerned chiefly in the individual, non in the content. The application of this method benefits the teaching-learning procedure every bit good as green goodss advantages in wellness and societal relationships. Lozanov and Gateva ( 1988 ) â€Å" sets up a secure environment, waits until independent behaviour begins to attest itself, and so gently nudges the schol ar into making thing entirely † ( p.216 ) . This overview tries to demo us instructors foremost should supply a comfy and unafraid environment because so pupils will be able to be independent. We can non anticipate at the beginning pupils work entirely ; hence instructors provide the footing and at that clip scholars build their cognition by themselves. The usage of a methodological analysis based on love and fondness seems harmonizing to all the information declared antecedently has a positive impact in studentA?s larning procedure in a 2nd linguistic communication. The emotional sphere takes an of import function and prevails on the cognitive sphere at the minute of acquisition ; this learning theoretical account centered in the pupils and in the environment has contributed in plentifulness at the holistic development of the scholars. The late execution and application of humanistic activities has revealed such activities supply a assortment of advantages for the pupils every bit good as the instructors. Therefore, the benefits of utilizing this sort of tool enrich both participants ; if instructors feel comfy and pleased of working in this manner they will convey this feeling to the pupils and the pupils will be willing and enthusiastic to join forces and larn. But what humanistic activities are? Moskowitz ( 1978 ) states â€Å" humanistic activities are learning linguistic communications techniques that can hold a profound consequence on the lives and personal growing of both pupils and instructors likewise, due to the peculiar ingredients they contain † . Such activities promote pupils take part in the category and larn about the remainder of their schoolmates in an optimistic mode. Surveies have demonstrated the usage of humanistic activities are valuable for learning foreign and 2nd linguistic communications due to they assist to better studentA?s behaviour, temper, and they make categories more gratifying and actuating for scholars. This state of affairs allows pupils experience relaxed and secure for larning another linguistic communication different to their female parent lingua. Harmonizing to Moskowitz ( 1978 ) quoted by Arnold ( 1999 ) : Humanist exercisings trade with heightening self-esteem, going aware of oneA?s strengths, seeing the good in others, deriving penetrations into oneself, developing closer and more hearty relationships, going witting of oneA?s feelings and values and holding a positive mentality on life. ( p.178 ) That is activities concerned in the pupil ‘s growing and in their meaningful acquisition assist them increase their self-esteem and in that manner pupils improve their academic and societal development. As a consequence of this practicum they will acquire better Markss and they will appreciate more their schoolmates, instructors, and the environment that surround them. The application of activities based on fondness inside the schoolroom it is non simply concerned in learning that facet, but fondness is combined with the contents in the appropriate minutes. This will trip pupils experience better with themselves and others, and therefore they will accomplish their ends. The relationship between the usage of humanistic activities and the procedure of larning a 2nd linguistic communication can turn really attractive if instructors learn how to pull off it. Alternatively of supplying contents that are non meaningful and relevant for the pupils instructors can seek scholars speak a bout themselves ( e.g, their experiences, ideas, dreams, feelings, values, aspirations, etc. ) . Consequently they will hold a positive image of larning a 2nd linguistic communication which entails learn about themselves and the remainder of their schoolmates utilizing the mark linguistic communication. Students will experience safe because they merely will speak about them. Some activities that Moskowitz proposes are the undermentioned: working in groups and they tell to others what things they think would do happy to the other schoolmates, besides it possible pupils in groups write in a piece of paper two qualities that they values of each of their schoolmates, so they have to read them aloud. Simple and easy activities can do a immense alteration in the pupil ‘s life and in the pupils ‘ larning procedure particularly when they learn a 2nd linguistic communication. Mozkowitz ‘ surveies corroborate the usage of humanistic activities in 2nd linguistic communication categories contribute helpfully to scholars ‘ behaviour and the fond regard with the mark linguistic communication. Teaching with fondness is a subject that combines learning what learners academically need to cognize, but at the same clip it provides them tools that will be presented the remainder of their life. A Pedagogy based on love and fondness has several advantages for the pupils as it has been reflected in this research ; learning with fondness aid to better pupil ‘s behaviour, temper and societal interaction ; it creates a peacefully and gratifying environment in which instructor and pupils feel comfy for the development of larning a 2nd linguistic communication. However, the chief intent instructors have for doing usage of this attack is pupils can increase their self-esteem and motive and they will be able to cognize more about people who is near to them in the schoolroom context like their schoolmates and instructors. The positive impact of working with the emotional sphere is important in the first ages of kids due to in that period they have the passage from their household context to the school context. Therefore, the instructor in charge of the category and the individual responsible of the pupils has a important function because he/she must supply fondness to his/her p upils for doing them experience safe and relaxed in the schoolroom. Although, this subject is relevant and meaningful for pedagogues has non been investigated in deepness and there is still a deficiency of resources sing the country. For future probes with respect to the teacher-student relationship and the usage of love and fondness as manner to learn I would propose traveling into item of how can teachers become emotional with their pupils without a old readying in their instruction as instructors. Besides, how can a teacher learning with fondness and non be seen as a weak pedagogue is a topic really relevant presents.